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There are various tools for the management of data warehouse quality are as follows −Quality DefinitionA definition and quantification of quality are given, as the fraction of performance over Expectance. It is used to define quality as the loss communicated to society from the time a product is consigned. The complete loss of society can be considered as the sum of the producer’s loss and the user’s loss.It is familiar that there is a tradeoff between the quality of a product or service and a production cost and that an organization should discover an equilibrium among these two parameters. If ... Read More
Data Propagation is the allocation of data from one or more source data warehouses to another local access database, according to propagation rules. Data warehouses are required to manage large bulks of data every day. A data warehouse can start with a few information, and starts to increase day by day by constant sharing and receiving from multiple data sources.As data sharing advances, data warehouse management becomes a major problem. Database management is required to manage the corporate information more effectively and in multiple subsets, arranging and time frames. These data resources are required to be constantly updated and the ... Read More
Bayesian classifiers are statistical classifiers. They can predict class membership probabilities, such as the probability that a given sample belongs to a particular class. Bayesian classifiers have also exhibited high accuracy and speed when applied to a large database.Once classes are defined, the system should infer rules that govern the classification, therefore the system should be able to find the description of each class. The descriptions should only refer to the predicting attributes of the training set so that only the positive examples should satisfy the description, not the negative examples. A rule is said to be correct if its ... Read More
Data aggregation is a process in which data is gathered and represented in a summary form, for purposes including statistical analysis. It is a kind of information and data mining procedure where data is searched, gathered, and presented in a report-based, summarized format to achieve specific business objectives or processes and/or conduct human analysis.Data aggregation can be implemented manually or through specialized software. The objective of Aggregation is to get more data about specific teams based on specific variables including age, profession, or income.The data about such teams can then be used for website personalization to select content and advertising ... Read More
Data reconciliation is represented as a phase of verification of records during data migration. In this phase, target data is compared with source information to provide that the migration structure is assigning data. Data validation and reconciliation define a technology that facilitates numerical models to process data.An essential aspect in providing the quality of the information in business intelligence is the consistency of the information. Like a data warehouse, business intelligence combines and converts data and saves it so that it is made accessible for analysis and interpretation.The consistency of the data among the several process steps has to be ... Read More
The extraction method is immensely dependent on the source rule and also on the business requirement in the target data warehouse environment. The estimated bulk of the information to be extracted and the phase in the ETL procedure (original load or preservation of records) can also force the determination of how to extract, from a logical and a physical view. There are two types of extraction methods including Logical Extraction Methods and Physical Extraction Methods.Logical Extraction MethodsThere are two types of logical extraction are as follows −Full Extraction − The data is extracted entirely from the source system. Because this ... Read More
Kotlin supports delegation of design pattern by introducing a new keyword "by". Using this keyword or delegation methodology, Kotlin allows the derived class to access all the implemented public methods of an interface through a specific object.ExampleIn this example, we will implement an abstract method of a Base class from another class.interface Base { //abstract method fun printMe() } class BaseImpl(val x: Int) : Base { // implementation of the method override fun printMe() { println(x) } } // delegating the public method on the object b class Derived(b: Base) : Base by b ... Read More
"Out" keyword is extensively used in Kotlin generics. Its signature looks like this −ListWhen a type parameter T of a class C is declared out, then C can safely be a super type of C. That means, a Number type List can contain double, integer type list.ExampleThe following example demonstrates how you can use the "out" keyword in Kotlin −fun main(args: Array) { var objet1 = genericsExample(10) var objet2 = genericsExample(10.0) } // As generic type is declared as "out", // we can pass Int and Double also. class genericsExample(input:Any?) { init { ... Read More
In this article, we will see how we can read a text file using Kotlin library functions. Kotlin is based on Java, hence we can use different Java library functions in Kotlin too.Example - BufferedReaderGo ahead and create a Kotlin file in your workspace and name it " ReadFile.kt". Keep a text file with some data in the same directory. For this example, our Text file looks like this −Welcome to the best tutorial website - www.tutorialsPoint.com This is the Text file that we want to read via KotlinExecute the following piece of code to read the above text file.// ... Read More
Elvis operator is very common in many programming languages. This is a binary expression that returns the first operand when the expression value is True and it returns the second operand when the expression value is False. Generally, the Elvis operator is denoted using "?:", the syntax looks like −First operand ?: Second operandExampleThe following example demonstrates how you can use the Elvis operator in Kotlin.fun main(args: Array) { val x: String? = null val y: String = x ?: "TutorialsPoint.com" // it will check whether the value of x ... Read More