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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
Escaping Characters in Perl
Perl uses the backslash (\) character to escape any type of character that might interfere with our code. Let's take one example where we want to print double quote and $ sign −Example#!/usr/bin/perl $result = "This is "number""; print "$result"; print "\$result";OutputThis will produce the following result −This is "number" $result
Read MoreFind number of magical pairs of string of length L in C++.
Suppose we have two strings str1 and str2, we have to find a number of magical pairs of length L. Two strings will be magical if for every index I, the str1[i] < str2[i]. We have to count a number of pairs since the number is very large, then return the answer using modulo 109. The strings will hold only lowercase letters.The approach is simple. As we can see, if the length is L = 1, and index i = 1 is holding ‘a’, in str1 then index i = 1 of str2 will hold from ‘b’ to ‘z’ so ...
Read MoreFind closest smaller value for every element in array in C++
Here we will see how to find the closest value for every element in an array. If an element x has the next element that is larger than it, and also present in the array, then that will be the greater value of that element. If the element is not present, then return -1. Suppose the array elements are [10, 5, 11, 6, 20, 12], then the greater elements are [11, 6, 12, 10, -1, 20]. As 20 has not greater value in the array, then print -1.To solve this, we will use the settings in C++ STL. The set ...
Read MoreFind one extra character in a string using C++.
Suppose we have two strings S and T, the length of S is n, and the length of T is n + 1. The T will hold all characters that are present in S, but it will hold one extra character. Our task is to find the extra character using some efficient approach.To solve this problem, we will take one empty hash table, and insert all characters of the second string, then remove each character from the first string, the remaining character is an extra character.Example#include #include using namespace std; char getExtraCharacter(string S, string T) { unordered_map char_map; ...
Read MoreWhat are Perl String Literals?
Strings are sequences of characters. They are usually alphanumeric values delimited by either single (') or double (") quotes. They work much like UNIX shell quotes where you can use single-quoted strings and double-quoted strings.Double-quoted string literals allow variable interpolation, and single-quoted strings are not. There are certain characters when they are proceeded by a backslash, have special meaning and they are used to represent like newline () or tab (\t).You can embed newlines or any of the following Escape sequences directly in your double-quoted strings −Escape sequenceMeaning\Backslash'Single quote"Double quote\aAlert or bell\bBackspace\fForm feedNewline\rCarriage return\tHorizontal tab\vVertical tab\0nnCreates Octal formatted numbers\xnnCreates Hexideciamal ...
Read MoreFind original array from encrypted array (An array of sums of other elements) using C++.
Let us consider we have an array of integers, that array is encrypted array, Suppose the array is A = [10, 14, 12, 13, 11], the original array is B = [5, 1, 3, 2, 4], we can see that each element at index I of A follows this rule: A[i] = sum of all elements at position j in B[j], where I ≠ j. Our task is to find an original array from the encrypted one.The task is based on arithmetic observation. Suppose the array is of size 4, original array B has four elements B = [a, b, ...
Read MorePerl Scalar Variables
A scalar is a single unit of data. That data might be an integer number, floating-point, a character, a string, a paragraph, or an entire web page. Simply saying it could be anything, but only a single thing.Here is a simple example of using scalar variables −Example#!/usr/bin/perl $age = 25; # An integer assignment $name = "John Paul"; # A string $salary = 1445.50; # A floating point print "Age = $age"; print "Name = $name"; print "Salary = $salary";OutputThis will produce the following result −Age = 25 Name = John Paul Salary = 1445.5
Read MoreFind the number of binary strings of length N with at least 3 consecutive 1s in C++
Suppose, we have an integer N, We have to find the number of all possible distinct binary strings of the length N, which have at least three consecutive 1s. So if n = 4, then the numbers will be 0111, 1110, 1111, so output will be 3.To solve this, we can use the Dynamic programming approach. So DP(i, x) indicates number of strings of length i with x consecutive 1s in position i + 1 to i + x. Then the recurrence relation will be like −DP(i, x) = DP(i – 1, 0) + DP(i – 1, x + 1).The ...
Read MorePerl Array Variables
An array is a variable that stores an ordered list of scalar values. Array variables are preceded by an "at" (@) sign. To refer to a single element of an array, you will use the dollar sign ($) with the variable name followed by the index of the element in square brackets.Here is a simple example of using array variables −Example#!/usr/bin/perl @ages = (25, 30, 40); @names = ("John Paul", "Lisa", "Kumar"); print "\$ages[0] = $ages[0]"; print "\$ages[1] = $ages[1]"; print "\$ages[2] = $ages[2]"; print "\$names[0] = $names[0]"; print "\$names[1] = $names[1]"; print "\$names[2] = $names[2]";Here we used escape sign ...
Read MoreFind common elements in three sorted arrays in C++
Suppose we have three arrays with some elements. We have to find all the common elements that are present in these three arrays. Suppose these elements are [10, 12, 15, 20, 25], [10, 12, 13, 15] and [10, 12, 15, 24, 25, 26], then the common elements in these three arrays are 10, 12 and 15.Suppose current element traversed in array A1 be x, A2 be y and A3 be z. We can have the following cases for them −If x, y, and z are same, then we will print any of them, and increase each array elements by 1When ...
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