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ATM card is a popular and simple way to get money from banks and checking accounts. However, using an ATM card carries some risks. In recent years, the practice of "ATM skimming" has unfortunately become a concern.When a burglar installs a card reader inside an ATM card slot, this is known as ATM skimming. When you enter your ATM card into the machine, this gadget reads the information on the magnetic stripe, allowing fraudsters to "clone" your card and use it to withdraw money from your account or make transactions at retail locations. Many times, an account holder is absolutely ... Read More
Most VPN beginners will come across the word "VPN tunnel" but have no understanding of what it means, how it works, or what VPN tunneling protocols are. That's where this article comes in to assist everyone in understanding what's going on, whether before or after using a VPN.Progressively more average people realize the importance of using a Virtual Private Network (aka VPN) because it allows them to have more privacy, security, and "freedom" on the internet, regardless of whether they are using public Wi-Fi hotspots or other types of limited networks like LAN, WAN, or WLAN.Due to the rise of ... Read More
It is always a good idea to clean your cache if a website isn't loading correctly. We've all done that, realized that things are working again, and then promptly forgot about the browser cache (until something else breaks). But you can't help but think, "What the heck is the cache?" someplace in the back of your mind. Why is it that cleaning makes things better? In this article, let's get some basic understanding of cache memory, its functions, and how it plays a critical role in improving the user experience.What is the Function of Cache?A cache is a data storage ... Read More
In this article, we will learn how we can use multithreading in Ruby. We will take a couple of examples, where we will spawn two new threads and then perform some concurrent operations on them. In Ruby, we can create a new thread with the help of the Thread.new() function.Example 1Take a look at the following example to understand the nature of multiple threads and how they are executed in Ruby.#!/usr/bin/ruby # first method def First_Method a = 0 while a
Ruby's integer class is the foundation for the two concrete classes that represent whole numbers. Bignum and Fixnum are these concrete classes. Bignum holds the integer value that is outside the range of Fixnum, which is displayed in the native machine word.There are a variety of methods in the integer class that can be used to perform various tasks. Numeric class has a subclass called Integer. Let's check some of the useful methods that are available in the integer class in Ruby.to_i methodThe to_i method is used to return an integer. Consider the code shown belowExampleConsider the code shown below.num ... Read More
In Ruby, there are four different types of variables that we can declare −Local VariablesInstance VariablesClass VariablesGlobal VariablesAn Instance variable has a name that starts with the @ symbol. It should be noted that the contents of an instance variable are only restricted to the object which itself refers to.An important point to note about the instance variable in Ruby is that, even if we have two separate objects that belong to the same class, we are allowed to have different values for their instance variables.Instance Variable Characteristics in RubyBefore checking how to use instance variables in Ruby, let's understand ... Read More
In Ruby, when we are using the include keyword, we are importing a module code, but we aren't allowed to access the methods of the imported modules with the class directly because it basically gets imported as a subclass for the superclass.On the other hand, when we are using the extend keyword in Ruby, we are importing the module code but the methods are imported as class methods. If we try to access the methods that we imported with the instance of the class, the compiler will throw an error.Now let's use these two keywords in a Ruby code to ... Read More
In Ruby, we use the "or" keyword to return the logical difference between its two operands. In simple terms, we can say that a condition becomes True if both the operands are true."or" returns True if any one of the conditions/expressions is "true".It returns False only when all the conditions are "false".It should be noted that the or keyword is equivalent to the "||" logical operator, but it has lower precedence in Ruby.SyntaxThe syntax of the or keyword is shown below.Condition1 or Condition2Let's use the or keyword in a Ruby code and see how it works.Example 1Consider the code shown ... Read More
In Ruby, we use the not keyword when we want to get an expression and then invert its Boolean value. In simple words, if an expression evaluates to True, then by using the not keyword, we will get False as the result of the expression.It can be said that the not keyword works like the "!" operator in Ruby, but the only difference between them is that the "!" operator has the highest precedence of all operators and the "not" operator has the lowest.SyntaxHere is the syntax of the not keyword in Rubynot expressionNow, let's take a couple of examples ... Read More
Ruby provides a special keyword known as defined? that is used to determine if a particular object or data type is defined in Ruby or not.The defined? keyword will return a string describing its expression or argument, if the passed expression or argument is defined. It returns nil if the expression or the argument is not defined in Ruby.SyntaxThe syntax of the defined keyword in Ruby is given belowdefined? variable_nameNow, let's take a couple of examples to demonstrate how to use the defined keyword in Ruby.Example 1Consider the code shown below.# Declare the Variables programming = 2 ruby = programming ... Read More