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In a computer system a deadlock is where two or more processes are unable to proceed because each process is waiting for the other to release a resource that it needs to continue execution. In other words, a deadlock occurs when two or more processes are in a circular wait state, and none of them can release the resources they hold until they receive the resources they are waiting for. Deadlock System Model − The Deadlock System model is a way to describe and analyze systems that may be prone to deadlocks, which occur when two or more processes are ... Read More
Deadlock prevention and avoidance are crucial in operating systems because they help ensure that the system can continue to operate without being stuck in a deadlock. Deadlocks can cause a system-wide halt, leading to loss of data, system downtime, and reduced productivity. Therefore, it is essential to prevent or avoid deadlocks in a computer system to maintain its availability and reliability. Key Areas Covered What is Deadlock? What is Deadlock Prevention? Advantages and Disadvantages of Deadlock Prevention What is Deadlock Avoidance? Advantages and Disadvantages of Deadlock Avoidance Comparison between Deadlock Prevention and Deadlock Avoidance What is Deadlock? Deadlock ... Read More
Deadlock is a complex and potentially detrimental situation that can arise in computer systems where multiple processes are competing for the same shared resources. When two or more processes become deadlocked, it means that each process is holding on to resources that are necessary for the other process(es) to complete their tasks. This can lead to a complete standstill, as none of the processes can move forward without the release of the required resources. Deadlocks can cause severe performance and stability issues in a system, which can ultimately result in system downtime or even failure. Therefore, it is essential to ... Read More
Introduction Contiguous memory allocation is a memory management technique used by operating systems to allocate memory to processes in contiguous blocks. In this technique, a process is allocated a single block of memory that is contiguous or adjacent to each other. This ensures that memory is efficiently utilized, with minimal fragmentation and wasted memory. Contiguous memory allocation is a widely used technique in modern operating systems and has several advantages, including efficient memory utilization, fast access to memory, and simple management. However, it also has some limitations, such as the possibility of external fragmentation, large block requirements, and fixed block ... Read More
Introduction In operating systems, memory allocation refers to the process of assigning memory to different processes or programs running on a computer system. There are two types of memory allocation techniques that operating systems use: contiguous and non-contiguous memory allocation. In contiguous memory allocation, memory is assigned to a process in a contiguous block. In non-contiguous memory allocation, memory is assigned to a process in non-adjacent blocks. Contiguous Memory Allocation Contiguous memory allocation is a technique where the operating system allocates a contiguous block of memory to a process. This memory is allocated in a single, continuous chunk, making it ... Read More
Inversion count is a step counting method by which we can calculate the number of sorting steps taken by a particular array. It is also capable to count the operation time span for an array. But, if we want to sort an array in a reverse manner, the count will be maximum number present in that array. Array: { 5, 4, 3, 2, 1} // for the reverse manner Pairs: {5, 4}, {5, 3} , {3, 2}, {3, 1}, {2, 1}, {4, 3}, {4, 2}, {4, 1}, }, {5, 2}, {5, 1} Output: 10 Array: {1, 2, 3, 4, ... Read More
Array is a set of a single non primitive similar data types (values or variables) that stores the elements in a memory with a fixed number of values. After creating an array with certain elements, the length of this data set became fixed. Here non primitive means, these data types can be used to call a method to perform a particular operation which can be null in character. Here the bitwise sum means, sum of certain numbers with an exactly 2 bits set. Bitwise OR denotes that each integer is present in a subarray. It is an adjacent non-void element ... Read More
To familiarize you with the kind of questions that may be asked during a job interview pertaining to the Database Management System, we will explore the most crucial DBMS Interview Questions in this post (DBMS). Q1)What are some uses for DBMS? The acronym DBMS, or database management system, stands for an application system whose primary function is around data. This system enables the user to design, save, retrieve, and update data as well as information about the data as it is stored in the database. Q2)What does the term "database" refer to? Simply said, a database is a collection of ... Read More
These days, businesses have a wide range of tools at their disposal to use business intelligence software to transform raw data into actionable next actions. Some data mining technologies use machine learning techniques to accelerate this process. Modern data mining goes beyond basic analysis to more efficiently and effectively extract usable information from massive data volumes. Top 5 Data Mining tools in the Market RapidMiner Studio Data preparation, blending, visualization, and exploration are made easier using RapidMiner Studio, a visual data science workflow builder. Its predictive modeling and data mining initiatives are powered by machine-learning techniques Features Visual Workflow ... Read More
In a DSS workflow, a SQL pipeline is a procedure that mixes numerous subsequent recipes (each using the same SQL engine). Then, a single job activity containing these integrated recipes—which may be both visual and "SQL query" recipes—can be executed. Typically, a SQL query will be converted into an expression in relational algebra, which is a series of relational operations. If we do one operation at a time, we incur too much cost because we need to create temporary files on a disc to store the outcomes of these temporary operations. Large temporary files must be created and stored on ... Read More