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In this problem, we will check whether all characters are present continuously in the given string. We will use the map data structure to solve the problem. The map will keep track of the last index of the particular character, and based on the last index of the current character, we will decide whether the string contains contiguous characters. Problem statement – We have given a string alpha of length N containing the lowercase and uppercase alphabetical characters. We need to check whether the given string is contiguous. The string is contiguous only if it contains all characters as a ... Read More
Introduction The disc scheduling method N-Step-SCAN (also called N-Step-LOOK) determines the sequence whereby disc requests for input/output are handled. It is a development for the SCAN (Elevator) method, which functions by moving the disc arm in a particular direction and responding to demands there as long as it receives no more inquiries or requests from that guidance, at which point it switches directions. The N-Step-SCAN algorithm adds an option, N, that specifies how many requests must be handled in a particular direction beforehand transforming. N-Step-SCAN support N demands in a particular direction, irrespective of whether or not there are still ... Read More
Introduction A traditional approach to solving the critical section issue in programming simultaneously for both procedures is Peterson's algorithm. But since you said "N" processes, I presume you mean an altered Peterson's method that can manage over two procedures. Mutual exclusion is guaranteed by the initial Peterson's method for two distinct processes, yet it can't be immediately expanded to support N methods. Lamport's bakery algorithm, for example, is a deviation and an extra period of Peterson's algorithm which may be applied to N processes. The N process Peterson Algorithm Peterson's algorithm which can cope with N processes is called ... Read More
Finding the shortest route between a source vertex and a target vertex in a graph with precisely K edges is one of the most typical graph traversal issues. The objective is to find the shortest path with minimum weight and exactly K edges. This issue can manifest in a number of practical contexts, including transportation networks, routing protocols, and resource allocation. Dynamic Programming (DP), and Dijkstra's Algorithm are just some of the strategies that may be used to attack this issue. The shortest path under the given constraints can be found using one of many methods. Dijkstra's Algorithm takes into ... Read More
The Minimum Number of Colours Required to Colour a Graph is a fundamental graph theory issue that includes colouring vertices so that no two neighbouring vertices have the same colour. Determine the least amount of colours needed for a valid colouring.Greedy Colouring is a simple and commonly used technique that colours vertices one by one based on their neighbours. Backtracking also carefully analyses all colour allocations. DSatur−based graph colouring prioritises vertices with the highest degree and saturation. Methods Used Greedy colouring Backtracking Graph colouring Greedy Colouring Method The Greedy Colouring technique makes graph colouring easy. It colours the ... Read More
Introduction To avoid information loss and discrepancies, it is essential to make certain that discussed assets are obtained in an organized way when using concurrent programming methods, in which numerous threads or methods operate simultaneously. Mutual exclusion, which ensures that just a single string or procedure has access to a crucial area or resource that everyone shares at any point in time, is how this is accomplished. In this article, we will be talking about Mutual Exclusion in Synchronization, its various techniques, use cases, and example implementation through Python. What is Mutual Exclusion in Synchronization? A key component of synchronizing ... Read More
Introduction A key principle of distributed systems is mutual exclusion, which prevents simultaneous operations or node locations from concurrently using common assets or crucial areas. When various procedures attempt to gain access to an identical asset at once, disputes, racial conditions, and discrepancies may result. Due to the absence of storage and the possibility of connection interruptions, errors, and node-to-node difficulties with communication and mutual exclusion turns more difficult in distributed systems. For achieving mutual exclusion in distributed systems, many techniques and procedures were established. In this article, we will be exploring the two main approaches, the various types, ... Read More
Introduction In multitasking programming, mutex locks, also referred to as mutual exclusion locks, are synchronization basic functions used to prevent simultaneous possession of resources that are shared by numerous threads or procedures. The word "mutex" means "mutual exclusion." In this article, we will be exploring the components, types with examples, use cases, and implemented examples for Mutex Locks. What are Mutex Locks? A mutex lock makes it possible to implement mutual exclusion by limiting the number of threads or processes that can simultaneously acquire the lock. A single thread or procedure has to first try to obtain the mutex ... Read More
There are two methods for creating systems of computers with multiple processors or processor cores: multiprocessor organization and multicore organization. Both strategies aim to boost a computer's processing power by enabling it to handle several tasks at once. Several separate processors linked by a communication network make up a multiprocessor system in most cases. Each processor can carry out a unique set of instructions and has a separate local memory. The throughput of the entire system can be increased by these processors working on several tasks concurrently. In this article, we will explore Multiprocessor and Multicore Organization, their use cases, ... Read More
Breadth To begin with, Look (BFS) may be a chart traversal calculation utilised to investigate hubs in a chart in a breadthward movement. The normal usage of BFS utilises a line information structure to keep track of hubs to come. In any case, it is conceivable to execute BFS without utilising an unequivocal line by utilising other information structures. One elective approach to actualizing BFS without a line is to utilise two clusters or records: one for the current level of hubs being investigated and another for the next level of hubs to be investigated. At first, the current level ... Read More