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In Python, file-handling tasks like opening, reading, writing, and closing files, or manipulating data in files are a common occurrence. While opening files has its significance and utility, it's equally important that files are closed properly to release system resources and to ensure that data integrity is maintained. In this article, we will explore different methods and techniques to close multiple opened files in Python, permitting you to optimize your file-handling operations and maintain clean code. Making Use of a Context Manager In Python, context managers are a tool for efficiently managing resources that need to be properly ... Read More
File permissions in Python empower you to determine who can perform certain operations on a file. These file attributes include read, write, and execute permissions. The os module in Python, especially the os.chmod() function in the os module, is used to set or modify permissions. The os.stat() function belonging to os module can be used to check the current permissions of a file. Managing and manipulating file permissions is important and critical for security and access control in Python programs. Checking file permissions in Python is important for ensuring the security and integrity of the data stored in files. ... Read More
When interacting and working with files and directories in Python, it often becomes necessary to check their permissions to determine and know what operations can be performed on them. Using the os module, you can conveniently check the permissions of a directory in Python. In this article, we will explore the topic of checking directory permissions and accomplish this task in a graded manner, using code examples for understanding the concepts along the way. Before we begin, you better ensure that you have a basic understanding of Python concepts and have Python installation on your system. Checking Directory ... Read More
An operating system (OS) is a piece of software that controls and manages the hardware and software resources of a computer while also giving users a simple way to interact with the system. By serving as a conduit between the user and the computer hardware, it makes it easier for different system parts to coordinate and communicate with one another. In this article, we will explore different operating systems along with their latest versions and features as well. Top Operating Systems Today's systems use a variety of operating systems. Here are a few of them − macOS Microsoft Windows ... Read More
In this problem, we will find each word of the string which comes after all words of the ‘words’ array. The first approach to solve the problem is to split the string into words and match elements of the words[] array with the string words. If we find words[] array’s element in the same order inside the string, we print the next word of the string. Another approach is to create a string of all elements of the words[] array. After that, we can find that string as a substring in the alpha string. If we find it as a ... Read More
In this problem, we will find the string of length equal to the given string so that when we sum both strings, we get the palindromic strings. Here, we can find another string such that the sum of both becomes 99999…, the largest palindromic string of the same length. If the given string starts with the ‘9’, we can find another string such that the sum of both becomes ‘11111…’. Problem statement – We have given a num string containing the numeric digits. We need to find the numeric string of the same length without leading zeros so that ... Read More
In this problem, we will count ways to partition the given string into the K substrings such that it follows the condition given in the problem statement. We will use the recursion to solve the problem. Also, we will use the tabular dynamic programming approach to solve the problem efficiently. Problem statement − We have given a string named bin_Str of a particular length. The string contains only numeric digits from ‘0’ to ‘9’. We need to count the number of ways to partition the string in K substrings such that it follows the below condition. The substring should ... Read More
In this problem, we will count substrings of the given binary string containing the number of ‘0’ and ‘1’ characters in the X : Y ratio. The naïve approach finds all substrings of the given binary string, counts ‘0’ and ‘1’, and checks whether the counts are in the X : Y ratio. The efficient approach uses the prefix sum technique to solve the problem. Problem statement − We have given a binary string of length bin_len. We need to count substrings having a number of 0s and 1s in the ratio of X : Y. Sample examples Input ... Read More
In this problem, we will count substrings that we can make of length 1 by replacing the ‘10’ and ‘01’ substrings with ‘1’ or ‘0’ characters. When any binary string contains an equal number of ‘0’ and ‘1’, we can always make it of length 1 by performing the replacement operations. So, the problem is solved by finding the substrings with equal numbers of ‘0’ and ‘1’. Problem statement − We have given a binary string named bin_str and of length bin_len. We need to count the total number of substrings that we can make of length 1 by ... Read More
In this problem, we will validate the Morse code. The Morse code method was used to transform the text in the encoded format, and it was very helpful to provide communication between two entities before the telephone was invented. There are standard codes for each alphabetical character containing the ‘.’ And ‘−‘. The code is prepared based on the transmission time, where ‘.’ Represents the short signals, and ‘−‘ represents the long signals. However, in this tutorial, we will use the standardized Morse code to decode and validate the string. Here is the table of standardized Morse code. ... Read More