Network Software

Network software encompasses a broad range of software used for the design, implementation, operation, and monitoring of computer networks. Traditional networks were hardware-based with software embedded directly into the devices. With the advent of Software-Defined Networking (SDN), software is separated from the hardware, making it more adaptable to the ever-changing nature of computer networks.

Functions of Network Software

Network software performs several critical roles in managing and maintaining a computer network −

• Network setup and installation − Helps to set up and install computer networks by configuring devices, assigning IP addresses, and establishing connectivity.

• Resource access − Enables users to access network resources such as shared drives, printers, and applications in a seamless manner.

• User management − Allows administrators to add or remove users from the network and manage their access permissions.

• Data storage management − Helps define locations of data storage and allows users to access that data from anywhere on the network.

• Security − Helps administrators and security systems protect the network from data breaches, unauthorized access, and cyberattacks.

• Network virtualization − Enables network virtualization, allowing multiple virtual networks to run on a single physical infrastructure.

Types of Network Software

SDN Framework

The Software-Defined Networking framework has three layers as depicted in the following diagram −

• Application Layer − SDN applications reside in the Application Layer. The applications convey their needs for resources and services to the control layer through northbound APIs (typically REST-based).

• Control Layer − The Network Control Software, bundled into the Network Operating System, lies in this layer. It provides an abstract view of the underlying network infrastructure. It receives the requirements of the SDN applications and relays them to the network components via southbound APIs.

• Infrastructure Layer − Also called the Data Plane Layer, this layer contains the actual network components. The network devices reside in this layer and expose their network capabilities through the Control-to-Data-Plane Interface (e.g., OpenFlow protocol).

Traditional vs SDN Networking

Conclusion

Network software is essential for designing, managing, and securing computer networks. With the shift from traditional hardware-embedded systems to Software-Defined Networking, network management has become more flexible and centralized. The SDN framework separates the control logic from physical devices across three layers, enabling programmable, scalable, and cost-effective network management.