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Agile Methodology and Model
What is Agile Methodology?
The term "agile methodology" refers to a process that encourages continuous development and testing throughout the project's software development life cycle. Unlike the Waterfall paradigm, both development and testing operations are contemporaneous under the Agile style of software testing.
Agile Methodology Vs. Traditional Software Development
One of the easiest and most successful ways to transform a vision for a company requirement into software solutions is to use the Agile software development approach. Continuous planning, learning, improvement, team collaboration, evolutionary development, and early delivery are all terms used to define agile software development methodologies. It increases adaptability in the face of change.
The four essential values of agile software development are highlighted.
Interactions between individuals and groups around processes and tools
Working software trumps thorough documentation.
Collaboration with customers is preferred above contract negotiations.
Adapting to change in accordance with a strategy
This Agile project management tutorial will teach you how to −
What is Agile Methodology, and how does it work?
The Waterfall Model vs. the Agile Model
Scrum
Backlog of Products
Scrum Methodologies
Scrum Methodologies Process Flow:
Extreme Programming (XP) is a kind of programming that (XP)
eXtreme programming phases −
Methodologies for Crystals
Methodology for Developing Dynamic Software (DSDM)
Feature-Oriented Design (FDD)
Software Development using Lean Principles
Kanban
Flexible metrics
Waterfall Model vs. Agile Model
Agile and Waterfall models are two distinct approaches to software development. Despite their differences in approach, both methodologies might be effective at times, depending on the need and project type.
| Agile Model | Waterfall Model |
|---|---|
| Definition of Agile methodology: Agile approaches advocate for an incremental and iterative approach to software development. | Waterfall Model − Software development proceeds in a logical order from beginning to conclusion. |
| In software engineering, the Agile process is split down into discrete models that designers work on. | The design process is not divided into several models. |
| Early and regular chances for the client to inspect the product and make decisions and adjustments to the project are provided. | The product is only visible to the client after the project. |
| The product is only visible to the client after the project. | When opposed to the waterfall paradigm, the agile model is deemed unstructured. |
| Because they are so plan-focused, waterfall models are more secure. | Small undertakings may be completed in a short period. It's tough to predict development time for huge projects. |
| It is possible to estimate and finish a wide range of projects. | It is possible to correct an error during a project. |
| The whole product is only tested at the end. If a requirement mistake is discovered or revisions are required, the project must be restarted from the beginning. | The development method is iterative, and the project is completed in short iterations (2-4 weeks). There is virtually little planning. |
| The development process is divided into phases, each of which is substantially larger than an iteration. Each phase concludes with a full summary of the next phase. | Software development takes precedence over documentation. |
| Documentation is a high responsibility, and it may be used to teach employees and update software with the help of another team. | There is a testing step for each iteration. It enables regression testing to be implemented whenever new functions or logic are deployed. |
| After a lengthy implementation period, all of the designed features are supplied all at once. | Developers and testers collaborate. |
| Separate from the developers are the testers. | User acceptance is completed after each sprint. |
| User acceptance is completed after each sprint. | The project's user approval is completed in the conclusion. |
| It necessitates strong collaboration with developers, as well as joint analysis of needs and planning. | The developer is not involved in the requirements or planning stages. Normally, there are time gaps between testing and coding. |
Agile Process
Agile testing employs a variety of Agile methodologies, which are described below −
Scrum
SCRUM is an agile development methodology that focuses on task management within a team-based development environment. Scrum is formed from the action that takes place during a rugby match. Scrum promotes working in small teams and believes in empowering the development team (say- 7 to 9 members). There are three jobs in Agile and Scrum, and their duties are as follows −
Scrum Master
The master is in charge of organizing the team, holding sprint meetings, and removing roadblocks to development.
Owner of the product
The Product Owner is in charge of creating the product backlog, prioritizing it, and ensuring that the functionality is delivered at each iteration.
Scrum Group
The team oversees and arranges their work to accomplish the sprint or cycle.
Backlog of Products
This is a repository for tracking needs, including the number of requirements (user stories) that must be satisfied for each release. The Product Owner should keep track of it and prioritize it, and it should be provided to the scrum team. The team may also request the inclusion, modification, or deletion of a new requirement.
Scrum Methodologies Process Flow
The following is the scrum testing process flow −
Sprints are the iterations of a scrum.
A product backlog is a list that contains all of the information needed to create the final product.
The top user stories from the Product backlog are chosen and translated into Sprint backlogs during each Sprint.
The team works on the sprint backlog that has been established.
The team double-checks the everyday job.
The team provides product functionality after the sprint.
Extreme Programming (XP)
When clients' needs or specifications are continually changing, or when they are unsure about the system's operation, the Extreme Programming approach comes in handy. It encourages numerous "releases" of the product in short development cycles, which increases the system's efficiency and provides a checkpoint where any client needs may be quickly incorporated. The XP creates software with the client in mind.
Stories are used to collect business needs. The parking lot is where all of those tales are kept.
Releases are based on shorter cycles called Iterations, which cover a 14- day time frame under this technique. Each iteration involves steps like development, unit testing, and system testing, with each phase resulting in the addition of small or large functionality to the program.
eXtreme programming phases
In the Agile XP approach, six stages are outlined as follows −
Planning
Stakeholder and sponsor identification
Needs for Infrastructure
Information collecting and security-related information
Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and their terms
Analysis
Storytelling in the Parking Lot
In the parking lot, prioritize the tales.
Estimation of tales via scrubbing
Iteration SPAN is a term that is used to describe the number of times a person (Time)
Both the Development and QA teams need to arrange their resources.
Design
Tasks are broken down
For each job, prepare a test scenario.
Framework for Regression Automation
Execution
Coding
Testing at the unit level
Manual test scenarios are carried out.
Generation of a Defect Report
Regression test cases converted from manual to automated
Review of the second iteration
Review at the end of each iteration
Wrapping
Releases for Small Groups
Testing for Regression
Demonstrations and evaluations
Create new tales depending on the requirements.
Improvements to the process based on the feedback received after each iteration
Closure
Launch of a Pilot Program
Training
Launch of the Production
Guaranteed Service Level Agreement
Examine your SOA approach.
Production Assistance
Two storyboards are available to monitor work daily, and they are given below for your convenience.
Cardboard Story
This is a typical method of storing all of the tales on a board in the form of stick notes to keep track of daily XP activities. Switching to an online form is preferable since this manual process requires more work and time.
Online Storyboard
The tales may be saved using the online application Storyboard. It may be used by several teams for various objectives.
Methodologies for Crystals
Three principles underpin Crystal Methodology.
Creating a development team, doing a preliminary feasibility study, generating an initial strategy, and fine-tuning the development technique are all part of the chartering phase.
Cyclic delivery − During the primary development period, there are two or more delivery cycles in which the product is developed.
The release strategy is updated and refined by the team.
Through one or more program test integrates cycles, a portion of the requirements is implemented.
A fully integrated product is made available to actual consumers.
Examining the project strategy and the development technique used
Wrap Up − This phase includes activities like as deployment into the user environment, post-deployment evaluations, and reflections.
Methodology for Developing Dynamic Software (DSDM)
DSDM is an agile project delivery methodology based on the Rapid Application Development (RAD) approach to software development. The key feature of DSDM is that users are obliged to participate actively, and teams are given decision-making authority. With DSDM, the active emphasis shifts to product delivery regularly. DSDM employs a variety of strategies.
Time Boxing
Rules of the MoSCoW
Prototyping
There are seven stages to the DSDM project.
Pre-project
Study of Feasibility
Business Research
Iteration of the Functional Model
Iteration on design and construction
Implementation
Post-project
Feature-Oriented Design (FDD)
This strategy focuses on "developing and constructing" features. Unlike other Agile software engineering methodologies, FDD outlines highly precise and brief stages of work that must be completed independently for each feature. Domain walkthrough, design inspection, promote to build, code inspection and design are all part of it. FDD creates products with the following criteria in mind.
Modeling of Domain Objects
Feature-based development
Ownership of Components and Classes
Teams to Watch
Inspections
Management of Configuration
Regular Structures
Progress and outcomes are shown.
Software Development using Lean Principles
The "Just in Time Production" premise underpins the lean software development process. Its goal is to speed up software development while lowering costs. The process of lean development may be broken down into seven parts.
Waste Reduction
Enhancing learning
Postpone your commitment (deciding as late as possible)
Delivery on time
Increasing the team's autonomy
Increasing Integrity
Optimize the whole process.
Kanban
Kanban is a Japanese term that refers to a card that contains all of the information required to complete a product at each step of its journey to completion. This framework or approach is widely used in software testing, particularly in Agile methodologies.
Kanban vs. Scrum
The following table highlights the major differences between Kanban and Scrum −
| Scrum | Kanban |
|---|---|
| Tests must be split down in scrum method so that they may be performed in one sprint. | No specific item size is required. |
| Prescribes a product backlog that is prioritized. | Prioritization is not required. |
| For each iteration, the Scrum team commits to a certain amount of work. | Commitment is a choice. |
| The use of a burndown chart is required. | No specific item size is required. |
| A scrum board is reset after each sprint. | A Kanban board is tenacious. It restricts the number of things that may be in the workflow state. |
| It is not possible to add things to an ongoing iteration. | It can add objects as capacity allows. |
| Indirectly, WIP is restricted. | WIP is very restricted. |
| Iterations with a set time limit are required. | Iterations with a time limit are an option. |
Metrics for Agile
The following are some metrics that may be gathered to ensure that Agile is used effectively −
Factor of drag
Hours of effort that do not contribute to the sprint objective
Reduce the number of shared resources and the amount of non-contributing activities to improve the drag factor.
New estimates may be enhanced by a percentage of the drag factor, as follows: New estimate = (Old estimate+drag factor)
Velocity
The number of backlog items (user stories) that have been turned into sprint-ready functionality.
The number of unit tests that have been introduced has increased.
The time it takes to finish a daily build
Bugs discovered in a prior version or earlier iterations
Leakage of production defects
Which Agile Project Management Tools are the Most Effective?
Agile project management necessitates a versatile solution that allows you to measure progress using Kanban boards and Burn charts while also allowing you to manage tasks and communicate information. As a result, we propose the following well-known Agile tools −
Wrike
Monday.com
ClickUp
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