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Add One Row to Tree in C++
Suppose we have a binary tree, we also have the value v and depth d, we have to add a row of nodes with value v at the given depth d. The root node is at depth 1. We have to follow this rule to perform this operation −
As we know the depth d, for each valid tree nodes N in depth d-1, we have to create two tree nodes with value v as N's left subtree root and right subtree root. And N's original left subtree will be the left subtree of the new left subtree root, its original right subtree will be the right subtree of the new right subtree root. When the depth d is 1 that means there is no depth d-1 at all, then create a tree node with value v as the new root of the whole original tree, and the original tree is the new root's left subtree.
So, if the input is like
then the output will be
To solve this, we will follow these steps −
if d is same as 1, then −
temp = new node with value v
left of temp := root
root := temp
Otherwise
Define one stack of pairs called st
insert { root, 2 } into st
lvl := 0
Define one pair temp
while (not st is empty), do −
temp := top element of st
delete element from st
lvl := second element of temp
node := first element of temp
if lvl is same as d, then −
temp1 = new node with value v
temp2 = new node with value v
left of temp1 := left of node
right of temp2 := right of node
left of node := temp1
right of node := temp2
Otherwise
if left of node is valid, then −
insert {left of node, lvl + 1} into st
if right of node is valid, then −
insert {right of node, lvl + 1} into st
return root
Example
Let us see the following implementation to get better understanding −
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
class TreeNode{
public:
int val;
TreeNode *left, *right;
TreeNode(int data){
val = data;
left = NULL;
right = NULL;
}
};
void insert(TreeNode **root, int val){
queue<TreeNode*> q;
q.push(*root);
while(q.size()){
TreeNode *temp = q.front();
q.pop();
if(!temp->left){
if(val != NULL)
temp->left = new TreeNode(val);
else
temp->left = new TreeNode(0);
return;
}else{
q.push(temp->left);
}
if(!temp->right){
if(val != NULL)
temp->right = new TreeNode(val);
else
temp->right = new TreeNode(0);
return;
}else{
q.push(temp->right);
}
}
}
TreeNode *make_tree(vector<int> v){
TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(v[0]);
for(int i = 1; i<v.size(); i++){
insert(&root, v[i]);
}
return root;
}
void tree_level_trav(TreeNode*root){
if (root == NULL) return;
cout << "[";
queue<TreeNode *> q;
TreeNode *curr;
q.push(root);
q.push(NULL);
while (q.size() > 1) {
curr = q.front();
q.pop();
if (curr == NULL){
q.push(NULL);
}
else {
if(curr->left)
q.push(curr->left);
if(curr->right)
q.push(curr->right);
if(curr == NULL || curr->val == 0){
cout << "null" << ", ";
}
else{
cout << curr->val << ", ";
}
}
}
cout << "]"<<endl;
}
class Solution {
public:
TreeNode* addOneRow(TreeNode* root, int v, int d) {
if (d == 1) {
TreeNode* temp = new TreeNode(v);
temp->left = root;
root = temp;
}
else {
stack<pair<TreeNode*, int> > st;
st.push({ root, 2 });
int lvl = 0;
pair<TreeNode*, int> temp;
TreeNode* node;
while (!st.empty()) {
temp = st.top();
st.pop();
lvl = temp.second;
node = temp.first;
if (lvl == d) {
TreeNode* temp1 = new TreeNode(v);
TreeNode* temp2 = new TreeNode(v);
temp1->left = node->left;
temp2->right = node->right;
node->left = temp1;
node->right = temp2;
}
else {
if (node->left && node->left->val != 0) {
st.push({ node->left, lvl + 1 });
}
if (node->right && node->right->val != 0) {
st.push({ node->right, lvl + 1 });
}
}
}
}
return root;
}
};
main(){
Solution ob;
vector<int> v = {4,2,6,3,1,5};
TreeNode *root = make_tree(v);
tree_level_trav(ob.addOneRow(root, 1, 2));
}Input
{4,2,6,3,1,5}, 1, 2Output
[4, 1, 1, 2, 6, 3, 1, 5, ]
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