Different types of operators in C++

There are many types of operators in C++. These can be broadly categorized as: arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment and other operators.

Arithmetic Operators

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then −

Operator	Description
+	Adds two operands. A + B will give 30
-	Subtracts second operand from the first. A - B will give -10
*	Multiplies both operands. A * B will give 200
/	Divides numerator by de-numerator. B / A will give 2
%	Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer division. B % A will give 0
++	Increment operator, increases integer value by one. A++ will give 11
--	Decrement operator, decreases integer value by one. A-- will give 9

Relational Operators

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then −

Operator	Description
==	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. (A == B) is not true.
!=	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.(A != B) is true.
>	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.(A > B) is not true.
<	Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.(A < B) is true.
>=	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.(A >= B) is not true.
<=	Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.(A <= B) is true.

Logical Operators

Assume variable A holds 1 and variable B holds 0, then −

Operator	Description
&&	Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then condition becomes true.(A && B) is false.
\|\|	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non-zero, then condition becomes true.(A \|\| B) is true.
!	Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then Logical NOT operator will make false.!(A && B) is true.

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operator works on bits and perform bit-by-bit operation. The truth tables for &, |, and ^ are as follows.

pqp & qp | qp ^ q
00000
01011
11110
10011

Assume if A = 60; and B = 13; now in binary format, they will be as follows −

A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
-----------------
A&B = 0000 1100
A|B = 0011 1101
A^B = 0011 0001
~A  = 1100 0011

Operator	Description
&	Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.(A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100
\|	Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.(A \| B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101
^	Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.(A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001
~	Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits.(~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number.
<<	Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000
>>	Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.A >> 2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111

Assignment Operators

Operator	Description
=	Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand.C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C
+=	Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand.C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
-=	Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand.C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A
*=	Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand.C = A is equivalent to C = C A
/=	Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand.C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
%=	Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand.C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A
<<=	Left shift AND assignment operator.C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2
>>=	Right shift AND assignment operator.C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2
&=	Bitwise AND assignment operator.C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2
^=	Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator.C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2
\|=	Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator.C \|= 2 is same as C = C \| 2

Misc Operators

Sr.No	Operator
1	sizeof operator returns the size of a variable. For example, sizeof(a), where ‘a’ is integer, and will return 4.
2	Conditional operator (?:) If Condition is true then it returns value of X otherwise returns value of Y.
3	Comma operator causes a sequence of operations to be performed. The value of the entire comma expression is the value of the last expression of the comma-separated list.
4	(dot) and → (arrow) Member operators are used to reference individual members of classes, structures, and unions.
5	() - Casting operators convert one data type to another. For example, int(2.2000) would return 2.
6	Pointer operator & returns the address of a variable. For example &a; will give the actual address of the variable.
7	Pointer operator * is pointer to a variable. For example *var; will pointer to a variable var.