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What is the necessity of byte streams and character streams in Java?
Java provides I/O Streams to read and write data where, a Stream represents an input source or an output destination which could be a file, i/o devise, other program etc.
Based on the data they handle there are two types of streams −
Byte Streams
These handle data in bytes (8 bits) i.e., the byte stream classes read/write data of 8 bits. Using these you can store characters, videos, audios, images etc.
The InputStream and OutputStream classes (abstract) are the super classes of all the input/output stream classes: classes that are used to read/write a stream of bytes. Following are the byte array stream classes provided by Java −
| InputStream | OutputStream |
|---|---|
| FIleInputStream | FileOutputStream |
| ByteArrayInputStream | ByteArrayOutputStream |
| ObjectInputStream | ObjectOutputStream |
| PipedInputStream | PipedOutputStream |
| FilteredInputStream | FilteredOutputStream |
| BufferedInputStream | BufferedOutputStream |
| DataInputStream | DataOutputStream |
Example
Following Java program reads data from a particular file using FileInputStream and writes it to another, using FileOutputStream.
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
public class IOStreamsExample {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
//Creating FileInputStream object
File file = new File("D:/myFile.txt");
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
byte bytes[] = new byte[(int) file.length()];
//Reading data from the file
fis.read(bytes);
//Writing data to another file
File out = new File("D:/CopyOfmyFile.txt");
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(out);
//Writing data to the file
outputStream.write(bytes);
outputStream.flush();
System.out.println("Data successfully written in the specified file");
}
}Output
Data successfully written in the specified file
Character Streams - These handle data in 16 bit Unicode. Using these you can read and write text data only.
The Reader and Writer classes (abstract) are the super classes of all the character stream classes: classes that are used to read/write character streams. Following are the character array stream classes provided by Java −
| Reader | Writer |
|---|---|
| BufferedReader | BufferedWriter |
| CharacterArrayReader | CharacterArrayWriter |
| StringReader | StringWriter |
| FileReader | FileWriter |
| InputStreamReader | InputStreamWriter |
| FileReader | FileWriter |
Example
Following Java program reads data from a particular file using FileReader and writes it to another, using FileWriter.
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
public class IOStreamsExample {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
//Creating FileReader object
File file = new File("D:/myFile.txt");
FileReader reader = new FileReader(file);
char chars[] = new char[(int) file.length()];
//Reading data from the file
reader.read(chars);
//Writing data to another file
File out = new File("D:/CopyOfmyFile.txt");
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(out);
//Writing data to the file
writer.write(chars);
writer.flush();
System.out.println("Data successfully written in the specified file");
}
}Output
Data successfully written in the specified file
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