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What do you mean by schedule in DBMS?
A transaction must satisfy the ACID properties of DBMS, namely
Atomicity − Execute all or none transaction.
Consistency − The DB should be consistent before and after transaction execution.
Isolation − Transaction must be executed in isolated form.
Durability − Roll backing should always be possible in Case of any failure.
A schedule is defined as an execution sequence of transactions. A schedule maintains the order of the operation in each individual transaction. A schedule is the arrangement of transaction operations. A schedule may contain a set of transactions.
We already know that a transaction is a set of operations. To run transactions concurrently, we arrange or schedule their operations in an interleaved fashion.
Schedules are divided into two categories, namely −
Serial schedule
Transactions present in this schedule are executed serially, after the instruction of Ti completes, the instructions of Tj will be executed, where j=i+1.
Serial schedule guarantee consistency as follows −
For 2 transactions, total number of serial schedules possible = 2.
For 3 transactions, total number of serial schedules possible = 6.
2 transaction 3 transaction T1->T2 T1->T2->T3 T2->T1 T1->T3->T2 T2->T1->T3 T2->T3->T1 T3->T1->T2 T3->T2->T1
If n = number of transactions, then number of serial schedules possible = n!.
A serial schedule always gives the correct result. But, we follow a concurrent schedule for time efficiency. So, we must ensure serializability of a concurrent schedule.
Concurrent Schedule
Multiple transactions can be executed in an interleaved manner, but obeying the above ACID properties.
Advantages
The advantages of concurrent schedule are as follows −
Increases throughput which is nothing but the number of transactions completed per unit time).
Reduces waiting time.
Example
T1= 90sec T2= 500sec T3= 5sec.
If we execute serially by T1->T2->T3 then transaction T3 waits for 590 sec, so we go for non-serial or concurrent transactions to reduce waiting time.
i.e. T3 -> T1 -> T2.
The disadvantage of the concurrent transaction is that the execution of a concurrent transaction may result in inconsistency.
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