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What are Object and Class in Perl?
There are three main terms, explained from the point of view of how Perl handles objects. The terms are object, class, and method.
- An object within Perl is merely a reference to a data type that knows what class it belongs to. The object is stored as a reference in a scalar variable. Because a scalar only contains a reference to the object, the same scalar can hold different objects in different classes.
- A class within Perl is a package that contains the corresponding methods required to create and manipulate objects.
- A method within Perl is a subroutine, defined with the package. The first argument to the method is an object reference or a package name, depending on whether the method affects the current object or the class.
Perl provides a bless() function, which is used to return a reference which ultimately becomes an object.
Defining a Class
It is very simple to define a class in Perl. A class is corresponding to a Perl Package in its simplest form. To create a class in Perl, we first build a package.
A package is a self-contained unit of user-defined variables and subroutines, which can be re-used over and over again.
Perl Packages provide a separate namespace within a Perl program which keeps subroutines and variables independent from conflicting with those in other packages.
To declare a class named Person in Perl we do −
package Person;
The scope of the package definition extends to the end of the file, or until another package keyword is encountered.
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