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Variables in Dart Programming
Dart being a statically typed language demands that we declare the type of variable that we going to use. In simpler terms, it is necessary that we define what kind of data we are going to store in the variable before making use of it.
Example
Consider the example shown below −
void main(){
int collegeId = 1234; // declaring and assigning a variable
print(collegeId); // printing the variable's value
String myName = "mukul";
print(myName);
}In the above example, we declared two variables named 'collegeId' and 'myName' and assigned 1234 and "mukul" as their values respectively. In the next line, we simply print the value that we stored in the two variable.
Output
1234 mukul
It should also be noted that Dart also provides us with a bit of flexible feature where we can declare a variable of any data type with the help of the var keyword. So, in the above example, we declared two variables namely 'collegeId' of type int and 'myName' of type string, we can do that without declaring the types and replacing them with var keyword and the dartAnalyzer will automatically infer the type.
Example
Consider the example shown below −
void main(){
var collegeId = 1234;
print(collegeId);
var myName = "mukul";
print(myName);
}Output
1234 mukul
null value
A variable declared in Dart and hasn't assigned any value will automatically hold a null value. It doesn't matter if we data type of the variable is either a bool or String or if we declared the variable using the var keyword, an unassigned variable in Dart will simply hold the null value.
Example
Consider the example shown below −
void main(){
var myVariable; // a var variable
int collegeID; // int
bool isStudent; // a bool
double marksInEnglish; // a double
String fullName; // a string
print(myVariable);
print(collegeID);
print(isStudent);
print(marksInEnglish);
print(fullName);
}Output
null null null null null
It should also be noted that once we have declared a variable of a certain type, we can't assign any value of another type to it.
Example
Consider the example shown below −
void main(){
int collegeID = 1234;
print(collegeID);
collegeID = "idk";
print(collegeID);
}In the above example, we are trying to assign a string value to an int variable, which is completely wrong. The output will be −
Output
Error: A value of type 'String' can't be assigned to a variable of type 'int'. collegeID = "idk"; ^ Error: Compilation failed.
Even if we declare a variable with the var keyword we still aren't allowed to assign the value of another type to the type that has already inferred.
Example
Consider the example shown below −
void main(){
var collegeID = 1234;
print(collegeID);
collegeID = "idk";
print(collegeID);
}Output
Error: A value of type 'String' can't be assigned to a variable of type 'int'. collegeID = "idk"; ^ Error: Compilation failed.
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