Swift Program to Subtract Two Matrix Using Multi-dimensional Arrays

In this article, we will learn how to write a swift program to subtract two matrices using multi-dimensional arrays.

A matrix is a mathematical structure in which the elements are placed in rows and columns format. For example, the first element is present at a₀₀ location, the second at a₀₁, and so on. So to subtract two matrices we are going to use the - operator to subtract the elements of two matrices like a₀₀ - b₀₀ and then store the sum into a new matrix. For example −

Matrix 1 −

$\mathrm{\begin{bmatrix}1 & 8 & 4 \newline8 & 8 & 7 \newline9 & 9 & 3\end{bmatrix}}$

Matrix 2 −

$\mathrm{\begin{bmatrix}2 & 7 & 3 \newline1 & 9 & 4 \newline9 & 3 & 2\end{bmatrix}}$

So subtract = Matrix 1 - Matrix 2

$\mathrm{Subtract\:=\:\begin{bmatrix}1\:-\:2 & 8\:-\:7 & 4\:-\:3 \newline8\:-\:1 & 8\:-\:9 & 7\:-\:4 \newline9\:-\:9 & 9\:-\:3 & 3\:-\:2\end{bmatrix}\:=\:\begin{bmatrix}-1 & 1 & 1 \newline7 & -1 & 3 \newline0 & 6 & 1\end{bmatrix}}$

Algorithm

Step 1 − Define the size of the matrix.

Step 2 − Create a function to find subtraction.

Step 3 − Create a matrix to store the difference. Here, the size and type of the matrix should be same are the input matrices.

Step 4 − Run nested for loop to iterate through each rows and columns of the given matrices and subtract matrix 1 from matrix 2 and store the result into sub matrix.

Step 5 − Create two matrices of same type.

Step 6 − Call the function and pass these matrices as a parameter in it to find the difference.

Step 7 − Print the output.

Example

Following the Swift program to subtract two matrices using multidimensional arrays.

import Foundation
import Glibc

// Size of the matrix
var row = 5
var col = 5

// Function to find the difference between two matrices
func difference(mxt1:[[Int]], mxt2:[[Int]]){
   
   // Creating 5x5 matrix to store the sum
   var sub = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: 5), count: 5)

   // Find the difference of two matrices
 
   // Using - operator
   for x in 0..<row {
      for y in 0..<col {
         sub[x][y] = mxt1[x][y] - mxt2[x][y]
      }
   }
   print("Resultant matrix:")
   for x in 0..<row {
      for y in 0..<col {
         print(sub[x][y], terminator:" ")
      }
      print("\n")
   }
}

// Creating 5x5 matrix of integer type
var matrix1 : [[Int]] = [[8, 3, 4, 5, 9], [9, 6, 7, 5, 7], [9, 5, 5, 9, 4], [8, 4, 9, 2, 4], [5, 9, 8, 3, 9]]
print("Matrix 1:")
for x in 0..<row {
   for y in 0..<col {
      print(matrix1[x][y], terminator:" ")
   }
   print("\n")
}
var matrix2 : [[Int]] = [[3, 3, 0, 1, 2], [2, 4, 7, 8, 7],  [1, 1, 1, 1, 4], [1, 4, 3, 3, 4], [5, 2, 2, 2, 5]]
print("Matrix 2:")
for x in 0..<row {
   for y in 0..<col {
      print(matrix2[x][y], terminator:" ")
   }
   print("\n")
}
difference(mxt1:matrix1, mxt2:matrix2)

Output

Matrix 1:
8 3 4 5 9
9 6 7 5 7
9 5 5 9 4
8 4 9 2 4
5 9 8 3 9

Matrix 2:
3 3 0 1 2
2 4 7 8 7
1 1 1 1 4
1 4 3 3 4
5 2 2 2 5

Resultant matrix:
5 0 4  4  7
7 2 0 -3  0
8 4 4  8  0
7 0 6 -1  0
0 7 6  1  4

Here in the above code, we have two matrices of integer type. Now we create a function to find the difference between the given two matrices. So for the difference, we subtract the elements of matrix 1 from matrix 2 of the same positions and store the result into a new matrix at the same position on which they are subtracted like ADD[0][0] = mxt1[0][0]- mxt1[0][0], ADD[0][1] = mxt1[0][1]-mxt1[0][1], and so on using - operator.

Conclusion

Therefore, this is how we can create and subtract two matrices using a multi-dimensional array. You can also create any size of matrices like 4x4, 6x3, and 2x3 using a multi-dimensional array and can able to perform operations on them.