Swift Program to Compute the Sum of Diagonals of a Matrix

In this article, we will learn how to write a swift program to compute the sum of diagonals of a matrix. Every matrix has two diagonals which are known as primary and secondary diagonals. For example, we have the following 5x5 square matrix −

2 3 4 5 6
4 6 7 8 9
1 1 1 3 4
4 0 4 0 4
0 0 1 1 1

So the primary diagonal is formed by using elements 2, 6, 1, 0, 1 and the secondary diagonal is formed by using elements 6, 8, 1, 0, 0. Hence the sum of both diagonals are −

Primary diagonal = 2+6+1+0+1 = 10
Secondary diagonal = 6+8+1+0+0 = 15

Here we use the following methods −

• Using for loop

• Using nested for-loop

Method 1: Using For Loop

To calculate the sum of both diagonals of a matrix we can use a single for loop.

Algorithm

• Step 1 − Create a function.

• Step 2 − In this function, run a for loop to iterate through each element of the given matrix

• Step 3 − Find the sum of the primary diagonal −

leftDiagonal += arr[x][x]

• Step 4 − Find the sum of the secondary diagonal −

rightDiagonal += arr[x][size - x - 1]

• Step 5 − Create a matrix.

• Step 6 − Call the function and pass the matrix into it.

• Step 7 − Print the output.

Example

Following Swift program to compute the sum of diagonals of a matrix using for loop.

import Foundation
import Glibc

// Size of the array 
var size = 4

// Function to find the sum of the diagonals 
func diagonalSum(arr:[[Int]]){
   var leftDiagonal = 0
   var rightDiagonal = 0
   
   for x in 0..<size{
   
      // Find the sum of left diagonal 
      leftDiagonal += arr[x][x]
      
      // Find the sum of left diagonal 
      rightDiagonal += arr[x][size - x - 1]
   }
   print("Sum of left diagonal", leftDiagonal)
   print("Sum of right diagonal", rightDiagonal)
}

// Creating 4x4 matrix of integer type
var myArray : [[Int]] = [[2, 3, 4, 3], 
   [5, 6, 7, 1], 
   [8, 3, 2, 6], 
   [4, 6, 4, 2]]

print("Array:")
for x in 0..<size{
   for y in 0..<size{
      print(myArray[x][y], terminator:" ")
   }
   print("\n")
}
diagonalSum(arr:myArray)

Output

Array:
2 3 4 3 

5 6 7 1 

8 3 2 6 

4 6 4 2 

Sum of left diagonal 12
Sum of right diagonal 17

Here in the above code, we have a matrix of integer type. Now we create a function to find the sum of the two diagonals of the given matrix. In this function, we run a for loop to iterate through each element of the given matrix and then find the sum of the primary and secondary diagonal.

Method 2: Using Nested For Loop

We can also find the sum of primary and secondary diagonals of the matrix using nested for loop.

Algorithm

• Step 1 − Create a function.

• Step 2 − In this function, run a nested for loop to iterate through each row and columns of the given matrix.

• Step 3 − Find the primary diagonal and then add its elements −

if (x == y){
   leftDiagonal += mxt[x][y]   
}

• Step 4 − Find the secondary diagonal and then add its elements −

if ((x + y) == (size - 1)){
   rightDiagonal += mxt[x][y]    
}

• Step 5 − Create a matrix.

• Step 6 − Call the function and pass the matrix into it.

• Step 7 − Print the output.

Example

Following Swift program to compute the sum of diagonals of a matrix using nested for loop.

import Foundation
import Glibc

// Size of the array 
var size = 3

// Function to find the sum of the diagonals 
func diagonalSum(mxt:[[Int]]){
   var leftDiagonal = 0
   var rightDiagonal = 0
   
   for x in 0..<size{
      for y in 0..<size{
      
         // Find the sum of left diagonal 
         if (x == y)
         {
            leftDiagonal += mxt[x][y]   
         }
         
         // Find the sum of left diagonal 
         if ((x + y) == (size - 1))
         {
            rightDiagonal += mxt[x][y]    
         }
      }
   }
   print("Sum of left diagonal:", leftDiagonal)
   print("Sum of right diagonal:", rightDiagonal)
}

// Creating 3x3 matrix of integer type
var matrix : [[Int]] = [[1, 3, 40], [2, 16, 7], [10, 3, 12]]

print("Matrix:")
for x in 0..<size{
   for y in 0..<size{
      print(matrix[x][y], terminator:" ")
   }
   print("\n")
}

// Calling the function
diagonalSum(mxt:matrix)

Output

Matrix:
1 3 40 

2 16 7 

10 3 12 

Sum of left diagonal: 29
Sum of right diagonal: 66

Here in the above code, we have a 3x3 matrix of integer type. Now we create a function to find the sum of the two diagonals of the given matrix. In this function, we run a nested loop to iterate through each row and column of the given matrix. Now we find the primary diagonal using the row-column condition− row = column. And then add the elements of the primary diagonal. Find the secondary diagonal using the row−column condition: row = noOfRows − column −1. And then add the elements of the secondary diagonal.

Conclusion

The square matrices has two diagonals primary(right to left) and secondary(left to right) diagonals of equal length. So either using nested or single for loop we can compute the sum of the diagonals of a matrix.