Substring with Concatenation of All Words in C++

Suppose we have a string, s, and we also have a list of words, words present in the array are all of the same length. We have to find all starting indices of substring(s) in s that is a concatenation of each word in words exactly once and without any intervening characters.

So if the input is like “barfoothefoobarman” and words are [“foo”, “bar”], then the output will be [0,9]. This is because the substring starting at index 0 and 9 are “barfoo” and “foobar”.

To solve this, we will follow these steps −

• Define a method called ok(), this will take string s, map wordCnt, and n −

• make a copy of s into temp

• for i in range n to size of s – 1

  • if size of temp is multiple of 0, then

    • if when temp is not present in wordCnt, then return false

    • otherwise

      • if wordCnt[temp] is 1, then delete temp from wordCnt, set temp as an empty string

      • otherwise decrease the value of wordCnt[temp] by 1, set temp as empty string.

  • increase temp by s[i]

• if temp is not in wordCnt, then return false

• otherwise

  • if wordCnt[temp] is 1, then delete temp from wordCnt, set temp as an empty string

  • otherwise decrease the value of wordCnt[temp] by 1, set temp as empty string.

• return true when size of wordCnt is 0

• From the main method, do this

• if size of a is 0, or size of b is 0, then return empty array

• make a map wordCnt, store the frequency of strings present in b into wordCnt

• make an array called ans

• window := number of words x number of characters in each word

• make one copy of string a into temp

• for i in range window to size of a – 1

  • if temp size is divisible by window and call ok(temp, wordCnt, size of b[0]), then

    • insert i – window into ans

  • insert a[i] into temp

  • if size of temp > window, then delete substring from 0, 1

• if temp size is divisible by window and call ok(temp, wordCnt, size of b[0]), then

  • insert size of a – window into ans

• return ans

Example

Let us see the following implementation to get a better understanding −

 Live Demo

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void print_vector(vector<auto> v){
   cout << "[";
   for(int i = 0; i<v.size(); i++){
      cout << v[i] << ", ";
   }
   cout << "]"<<endl;
}
class Solution {
public:
   bool ok(string s, unordered_map <string, int> wordCnt, int n){
      string temp = "";
      for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
         temp += s[i];
      }
      for(int i = n; i < s.size(); i++){
         if(temp.size() % n == 0){
            if(wordCnt.find(temp) == wordCnt.end())return false;
            else{
               if(wordCnt[temp] == 1){
                  wordCnt.erase(temp);
                  temp = "";
               }
               else{
                  wordCnt[temp]--;
                  temp = "";
               }
            }
         }
         temp += s[i];
      }
      if(wordCnt.find(temp) == wordCnt.end())return false;
      else{
         if(wordCnt[temp] == 1){
            wordCnt.erase(temp);
            temp = "";
         }
         else{
            wordCnt[temp]--;
            temp = "";
         }
      }
      return wordCnt.size() == 0;
   }
   vector<int> findSubstring(string a, vector<string> &b) {
      if(a.size() == 0 || b.size() == 0)return {};
      unordered_map <string, int> wordCnt;
      for(int i = 0; i < b.size(); i++)wordCnt[b[i]]++;
      vector <int> ans;
      int window = b.size() * b[0].size();
      string temp ="";
      for(int i = 0; i < window; i++)temp += a[i];
      for(int i = window; i < a.size(); i++){
         if(temp.size() % window == 0 && ok(temp, wordCnt, b[0].size())){
            ans.push_back(i - window);
         }
         temp += a[i];
         if(temp.size() > window)temp.erase(0, 1);
      }
      if(temp .size() % window ==0 && ok(temp, wordCnt, b[0].size()))ans.push_back(a.size() - window);
      return ans;
   }
};
main(){
   vector<string> v = {"foo", "bar"};
   Solution ob;
   print_vector(ob.findSubstring("barfoothefoobarman", v));
}

Input

1,2,3,4,5,6,7
3

Output

[0, 9, ]