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Row-wise vs column-wise traversal of matrix in C++
A matrix can be traversed in two ways. Row-mise traversal visits each row one by one starting from first row then second and so on till the last row. Elements in the row are returned from index 0 to the last index.
In Column-wise traversal, elements are traversed from the first column to the last column in order.
In 2D matrix M[i][j]. Index i is used for representing rows and index j is used for representing columns. For row-wise traversal, start from
i=0th row and 0<=j<last index
i=1st row and 0<=j<last index
.....
i=last row and 0<=j<last index
For column-wise traversal, start from
j=0th column and 0<=i<last index
j=1st column and 0<=i<last index
.....
j=last column and 0<=i<last index
The order of indexes remains same in 2D array M[i][j]- i for rows and j for columns
Examples
Input −
int arr[MAX][MAX] = { {1,2,3,4,5},{6,7,8,9,0},
{5,4,3,2,1},{0,0,0,0,0},
{8,9,7,6,1}};Output −
Row Major Traversal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 9 7 6 1 Column Major Traversal 1 6 5 0 8 2 7 4 0 9 3 8 3 0 7 4 9 2 0 6 5 0 1 0 1
Explanation −The output is self-explanatory
Input −
int arr[MAX][MAX] = { {1,1,1,1,1},{2,2,2,2,2},
{3,3,3,3,3},{4,4,4,4,4},
{5,5,5,5,5}};Output −
Row Major Traversal 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 Column Major Traversal 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Explanation − The output is self-explanatory.
Approach used in the below program is as follows
In this approach we use two for loops for printing the input 2D matrix in row-wise and column wise traversals.
Take the input array arr[][] for representing 2D matrix.
Take variables i and j as indexes for row elements and column elements.
For row-wise traversal start a for loop from index i=0 to i<MAX, for traversing row by row
Inside it, start a nested for loop from j=0 to j<MAX, for traversing all elements of ith row.
Print arr[i][j]
For column-wise traversal start a for loop from index j=0 to j<MAX, for traversing column by column
Inside it, start a nested for loop from i=0 to i<MAX, for traversing all elements of jth column.
Print arr[i][j].
Example
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 5
int main(){
int arr[MAX][MAX] = { {1,2,3,4,5},{6,7,8,9,0},{5,4,3,2,1},{0,0,0,0,0},{8,9,7,6,1}};
int i, j;
cout<<"Row Major Traversal "<<endl;
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++){
cout<<endl;
for(j=0;j<MAX;j++){
cout<<" "<<arr[i][j];
}
}
cout<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"Column Major Traversal "<<endl;
for(j=0;j<MAX;j++){
cout<<endl;
for(j=0;j<MAX;j++){
cout<<" "<<arr[j][i];
}
}
return 0;
}Output
If we run the above code it will generate the following Output
Row Major Traversal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 9 7 6 1 Column Major Traversal 6 5 0 8 3 2 7 6 4
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