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Queries to find whether a number has exactly four distinct factors or not in C++
In this problem, we are given a Q number of queries, each having a number N. Our task is to create a program to solve the Queries to find whether a number has exactly four distinct factors or not in C++.
Problem Description
To solve each query, we need to find whether the number N has exactly four distinct factors. If it has print YES, else No.
Let’s take an example to understand the problem,
Input: Q = 3, 4, 6, 15
Output: NOYES YES
Explanation
For query 1: Factors of 4 are 1, 2, 4
For query 2: Factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3, 6
For query 3: Factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5, 15
Solution Approach
A simple solution to the problem is by finding all the factors of the number. This is done by finding all numbers from one to √N, and increasing the counter by 2. Then check if the counter is equal to 4 and print YES or NO based on its equality.
Example
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int solveQuery(int N){
int factors = 0;
for(int i = 1; i < sqrt(N); i++){
if(N % i == 0){
factors += 2;
}
}
if(factors == 4){
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int main() {
int Q = 3;
int query[3] = {4, 6, 15};
for(int i = 0; i < Q; i++){
if(solveQuery(query[i]))
cout<<"The number "<<query[i]<<" has exactly four distinct factors\n";
else
cout<<"The number "<<query[i]<<" does not have exactly four
distinct factors\n";
}
}Output
The number 4 does not have exactly four distinct factors The number 6 has exactly four distinct factors The number 15 has exactly four distinct factors
An efficient approach is to use the concepts of number theory for four-factor numbers. So, if a number has four factors then,
If the number is a cube of a prime number. Then it will have four distinct factors. Example, if N = (p^3), the factors will be 1, p, (p^2), N.
If the number is a product of two distinct prime numbers. Then also it will have four distinct factors. For example, if N = p1*p2, the factors will be 1, p1, p2, N.
Example
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int N = 1000;
bool hasFourFactors[1000];
void fourDistinctFactors() {
bool primeNo[N + 1];
memset(primeNo, true, sizeof(primeNo));
for (int i = 2; i <= sqrt(N); i++) {
if (primeNo[i] == true) {
for (int j = i * 2; j <= N; j += i)
primeNo[j] = false;
}
}
vector<int> primes;
for (int i = 2; i <= N; i++)
if (primeNo[i])
primes.push_back(i);
memset(hasFourFactors, false, sizeof(hasFourFactors));
for (int i = 0; i < primes.size(); ++i) {
int p1 = primes[i];
if (1 *(pow(p1, 3)) <= N)
hasFourFactors[p1*p1*p1] = true;
for (int j = i + 1; j < primes.size(); ++j) {
int p2 = primes[j];
if (1 * p1*p2 > N)
break;
hasFourFactors[p1*p2] = true;
}
}
}
int main() {
int Q = 3;
int query[] = {3, 6, 15};
fourDistinctFactors();
for(int i = 0; i < Q; i++){
if(hasFourFactors[query[i]])
cout<<"The number "<<query[i]<<" has exactly four distinct
factors\n";
else
cout<<"The number "<<query[i]<<" does not have exactly four distinct factors\n";
}
return 0;
}Output
The number 3 does not have exactly four distinct factors The number 6 has exactly four distinct factors The number 15 has exactly four distinct factors
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