Preparation of Alkyl Halides

Introduction

Preparation of Alkyl Halides generally has been done using alkenes and halogens. This form of a chemical compound is also known as haloalkanes as they are going to have elements like Bromine and Iodine mixed with them. The first part represents the name of this alkyl group that is combined with the name of the halogen.

Chemical Composition

The chemical composition of Alkyl Halides involves a decent amount of attributes that include a few important aspects. The derivatives that are extracted from the monohalogens of alkenes are called Alkyl Halides. The formation of this particular atom comes on the grounds of bonding two elements from different classes on the periodic table. In this particular matter, the use of these elements is formed when atoms from the group of halogens make a bond with carbon in their primary conditions.

The formula of this organic compound is $\mathrm{C_{n}H_{zn\:+\:1}X\:or\:R-X}$

R is here to define the group of alkyls. The term X tries to represent the group of halogen atoms that are used to prepare this type of halide.

Structure of Alkyl Halide

Figure 1 − Structure of Alkyl Halides

The structure of Alkyl Halide is formed by the composition of certain atoms from a group of halogens. The second lot of alkyl halides brings down a proper set of constituents that are made from primary carbons. This is the kind of structure that bonds in order to produce a tetrahedral stage. In this particular stage, one atom is able to create a bond with one atom of carbon. This is the form of structure that is denoted by sp3 as this particular bonding tries to go through a process of hybridization. Therefore, it becomes a very significant structure that creates a proper shape of this organic chemical compound.

Preparation of Alkyl Halides from Alkenes

The formation of Alkyl Halides from alkenes is by conducting a proper process of chemical reaction. This is the form of preparation where haloalkenes are used to conduct a chemical reaction. This entire process tends to be electrophilic by nature that is able to provide some quantity of Alkyl Halide. There is another method used for the preparation of this organic compound where, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) is used with a solution that is made up of Carbon Tetrachloride. The entire method is conducted at a place that receives heavy light.

The reaction helps in the formation of Bromine substitutes that is formed by Hydrogen. The entire process finally makes Alkyl Halides from a wide group of alkenes.

Preparation of Alkyl Halides from Alcohol

Figure 2 − Making alkyl halide from alcohol

The preparation of Alkyl Halides can be done by using all kinds of alcohols. There are different type of chemical compounds that comes from the element of Chlorine and Bromine. During preparation of Alkyl Halide, alcohol undergoes for reaction with the Hydrogen Halides.. When the Hydrogen Halides are added, they create a proper bond between two carbons. This follows a rule made by a chemist from Russia whose name is Markovnikov. After following the rule, a catalyst is formed on the primary and secondary forms of alcohol.

Preparation of Alkyl Halides from Free Radical Halogenation

The formation of Alkyl Halides works in a distinct way as they remove the replacements of single hydrogen. In this particular form, a single halogen is made from the use of this product. The entire process of preparation must happen in a place that gets enough light from the sun. The process of forming Hydrogen Chloride gas is a significant example of preparing Alkyl Halide using this process.

Uses of Alkyl Halides

The uses of Alkyl Halides are as follows −

• Alkyl Halides is used as some kind of solvents in the chemical industries.

• The organic chemical compounds of Alkyl Halide are found in the tube that contains CFC. This is the kind of product that performs as a source of coolant inside refrigerators and air conditioners.

• The use of Alkyl Halide also plays an important role to bring down fire. They are widely used in a large number of places as a safety and security tool in areas prone to fire.

These are the uses of an alkyl halide in a wide range of industries.

Conclusion

In this tutorial all the learners can get the ways of making alkyl halide from different types of sources. The process of making this organic compound requires a large amount of light in order to make the product of best quality Hence, the name of this product must start with the stem section of a word and end with an -ide.

FAQs

1. What is the reason behind the name of alkyl halide?

There is a certain reason behind the name an Alkyl Halide that plays an important role in the formation of Halide by replacing one atom of Hydrogen from a group of alkanes.

2. What is the place on the planet where a large stash of Alkyl Halide can be found?

The vast water bodies on the planet have a perfect stash of an Alkyl Halide in them. The dead and decaying organic matter gets a touch of the Alkyl Halide which is found in its atmospheric condition. Therefore, vast water bodies are large stash of alkyl halides is found.

3. What is the use of Alkyl Halide in the field of medical science?

The presence of Alkyl Halide is important for a wide range of fields like medicine. In this sector, Alkyl Halide helps to discover some new type of drug for a certain disease.