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multimap::crbegin() and multimap::crend() in C++ STL
In this article we will be discussing the working, syntax, and examples of multimap::crbegin() and multimap::crend() functions in C++ STL.
What is Multimap in C++ STL?
Multimaps are the associative containers, which are similar to map containers. It also facilitates to store the elements formed by a combination of key-value and mapped value in a specific order. In a multimap container there can be multiple elements associated with the same key. The data is internally always sorted with the help of its associated keys.
What is multimap::cbegin()?
multimap::crbegin() function is an inbuilt function in C++ STL, which is defined in <map> header file. crbegin() implies constant reverse begins, means the reverse of the cbegin which was constant begin, in other words, the function crbegin() will return the iterator which is pointing to the last element of the multimap container associated with the function. This iterator can’t be used to modify the multimap. This can be just used to traverse the set container.
Syntax
mutliMap_name.crbegin();
Parameter
This function doesn’t accept any parameter.
Return value
This function returns the iterator which is pointing to the last element of the container.
Input
multimap<char, int> newmap; newmap(make_pair(‘a’, 1)); newmap(make_pair(‘b’, 2)); newmap(make_pair(‘c’, 3)); newmap.crbegin();
Output
c:3
Example
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
//create the container
multimap<int, int> mul;
//insert using emplace
mul.emplace_hint(mul.begin(), 1, 10);
mul.emplace_hint(mul.begin(), 2, 20);
mul.emplace_hint(mul.begin(), 2, 30);
mul.emplace_hint(mul.begin(), 1, 40);
mul.emplace_hint(mul.begin(), 1, 50);
mul.emplace_hint(mul.begin(), 5, 60);
auto it = mul.crbegin();
cout<<"Last element using crbegin() is: {"<<it->first<< ", " << it->second << "}\n";
cout <<"\nElements in multimap is : \n";
cout << "KEY\tELEMENT\n";
for (auto i = mul.crbegin(); i!= mul.crend(); i++){
cout << i->first << "\t" << i->second << endl;
}
return 0;
}Output
If we run the above code it will generate the following output −
Last element using crbegin() is: {5, 60}
Elements in multimap is :
KEY ELEMENT
5 60
2 20
2 30
1 10
1 40
1 50What is multimap::crend()?
multimap::crend() function is an inbuilt function in C++ STL, which is defined in <map> header file. crend() implies constant reverse end iterator, means it is reverse of the cend which was a constant end iterator, in other words the function crend() will return the iterator which is pointing to the position just before the first position of the container associated with the function. This iterator can’t be used to modify the multimap. This can be just used to traverse the multimap container.
Syntax
newmultimap.crend();
Parameters
This function accepts no parameter.
Return value
It returns an iterator pointing to the preceding first element of the associated container.
Input
multimap<char, int&lgt; newmap; newmap(make_pair(‘a’, 1)); newmap(make_pair(‘b’, 2)); newmap(make_pair(‘c’, 3)); newmap.crend();
Output
error
Example
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
//create the container
multimap<int, int> mul;
//insert using emplace
mul.emplace_hint(mul.begin(), 1, 10);
mul.emplace_hint(mul.begin(), 2, 20);
mul.emplace_hint(mul.begin(), 2, 30);
mul.emplace_hint(mul.begin(), 1, 40);
mul.emplace_hint(mul.begin(), 1, 50);
mul.emplace_hint(mul.begin(), 5, 60);
cout << "\nElements in multimap is : \n";
cout << "KEY\tELEMENT\n";
for (auto i = mul.crbegin(); i!= mul.crend(); i++){
cout <<<; i->first << "\t" << i->second < endl;
}
return 0;
}Output
If we run the above code it will generate the following output −
Elements in multimap is : KEY ELEMENT 5 60 2 20 2 30 1 10 1 40 1 50
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