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mbrtowc() function in C/C++ program
In this article we will be discussing the working, syntax and examples of std::mbrtowc() function in C++ STL.
What is std::mbrtowc()?
std::mbrtowc() function is an inbuilt function in C++ STL, which is defined in the <cwchar> header file. mbrtowc() means that it converts the narrow multibyte character string to wide character. This function is used to convert a narrow multibyte character to wide character representation.
Syntax
size_t mbrtowc( wchar_t* pwc, char* str, size_t n, mbstate_t* ps);
Parameters
The function accepts following parameter(s) −
- pwc − This is the pointer to the location we want the output to be stored.
- str − Character string which is used as the input.
- n − It is the number of bytes that are to be checked.
- ps − It is the pointer to the state object when we are interpreting the multibyte string.
Return value
This function return values differ as per the following condition −
- 0 − The function will return zero when the character in str which has to be converted is NULL.
- 1…n − The number of bytes of multibyte character which are converted from the character string *str.
- -2 − We will get -2 when next n bytes incomplete but so far is a valid multibyte character.
- -1 − We get -1 when we face an encoding error, nothing is written to *pwc.
Example
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void print_(const char* ch){
mbstate_t temp = mbstate_t();
int cal = strlen(ch);
const char* i = ch + cal;
int total;
wchar_t con;
while ((total = mbrtowc(&con, ch, i - ch, &temp)) > 0){
wcout << "Next " << total <<" bytes are the character " << con << '\n';
ch += total;
}
}
int main(){
setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
const char* len = u8"z\u00df\u6c34";
print_(len);
}Output
Next 1 bytes are the character z Next 2 bytes are the character ß Next 3 bytes are the character 水
Example
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void print_(const char* ch){
mbstate_t temp = mbstate_t();
int cal = strlen(ch);
const char* i = ch + cal;
int total;
wchar_t con;
while ((total = mbrtowc(&con, ch, i - ch, &temp)) > 0){
wcout << "Next " << total <<" bytes are the character " << con << '\n';
ch += total;
}
}
int main(){
setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
const char* len = u8"\xE2\x88\x83y\xE2\x88\x80x\xC2";
print_(len);
}Output
Next 3 bytes are the character ∃ Next 1 bytes are the character y Next 3 bytes are the character ∀ Next 1 bytes are the character x
Updated on: 17-Apr-2020
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