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How to use Interface References in C#?
C# is an object-oriented programming language that offers a unique feature known as interfaces. They enable you to declare a collection of attributes and methods that a class must implement without mentioning the specifics of how they should be implemented.
The ability to write code that is independent of a class's implementation details is one of the main benefits of interfaces. Each object of any class that implements the interface can be referred to using an interface reference.
As a result, it is simpler to switch between different class implementations without having to modify the code that utilizes the class.
Syntax for Defining an Interface in C#
In C#, you can use the interface keyword and the interface's name to define an interface. As demonstrated in the example below, the interface definition may comprise methods, properties, events, and indexers −
interface <interface_name> {
// declare Events
// declare properties
// declare indexers
// declare methods
}
Colon Operator − the syntax to implement interface includes a colon (:) operator followed by the name of the interface you want to implement.
Properties − properties are the values in interface
Methods − methods are the functions in interface
Example
In this example, we will define an interface Shape with a method CalArea(). To calculate the area of a shape. For this purpose, we will define a class Circle that implements the Shape interface and provides an implementation for the CalArea() method used by the interface.
Algorithm
Step 1 − In the first step define an interface with the required methods and properties. You can include properties, methods, events, and indexers while defining the interface.
Step 2 − Next create a class that implements the interface.
Step 3 − Create a reference variable of the interface type.
Step 4 − Instantiate the class and assign the object to the reference variable.
Step 5 − Lastly use the interface reference to call the methods and properties defined in the interface.
using System;
interface Shape {
double CalArea();
}
class Circle : Shape {
private double radius;
public Circle(double r) {
radius = r;
}
public double GetArea() {
return 3.14 * radius * radius;
}
}
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
Shape shapeRefr;
Circle Obj = new Circle(5);
shapeRefr = Obj;
Console.WriteLine("Area of the circle is " + shapeRefr.CalArea());
}
}
Output
Area of the circle is 78.5
Example
In this example we will calculate marks of 4 subjects of a student and the percentage of total marks. In this example we will initialize an interface with 2 methods.
Algorithm
Step 1 − In the first step define an interface with the required 2 methods: one method to calculate marks and the other to calculate the percentage.
Step 2 − Next create a class that implements the interface.
Step 3 − Create a reference variable of the interface type.
Step 4 − Instantiate the class and assign the object to the reference variable.
Step 5 − Lastly use the interface reference to call the methods and properties defined in the interface.
using System;
interface Olevel //create interface {
double marks();
double percentage();
}
class Result : Olevel //create class {
private double Math;
private double Science;
private double English;
private double Computer;
public Result(double math, double science, double english, double computer) {
this.Math = math;
this.Science = science;
this.English = english;
this.Computer = computer;
}
//create methods
public double marks() {
double mrks;
mrks= Math+Science+English+Computer;
return mrks;
}
public double percentage() {
double x= Math+Science+English+Computer;
return (x/400) * 100;
}
}
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
Result result = new Result(90, 95, 93, 98);
// Create an interface reference variable and assign the instance of result class to it
Olevel olev = result;
Console.WriteLine("The Total marks of the student out of 400 are: " + result.marks());
Console.WriteLine("The percentage of the student is: " + result.percentage());
}
}
Output
The Total marks of the student out of 400 are: 376 The percentage of the student is: 94
Conclusion
Finally, interface references in C# give your code a strong mechanism. You can create code with any object that supports that interface, irrespective of its specific class.
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