How to query documents by a condition on the subdocument in MongoDB?

Let us first create a collection with documents −

> db.demo394.insertOne(
...    {
...
...       details: [
...       {
...          _id: '1',
...          startDate: '2018-01-11T07:00:00.000Z',
...          endDate: '2019-01-12T07:59:59.999Z'
...       },
...       {
...          _id: '2',
...          startDate: '2019-01-21T07:00:00.000Z',
...          endDate: '2020-01-04T07:59:59.999Z'
...       }
...    ]
... }
... );
{
   "acknowledged" : true,
   "insertedId" : ObjectId("5e5e716817aa3ef9ab8ab202")
}

Display all documents from a collection with the help of find() method −

> db.demo394.find();

This will produce the following output −

{
   "_id" : ObjectId("5e5e716817aa3ef9ab8ab202"), "details" : [
      { "_id" : "1", "startDate" : "2018-01-11T07:00:00.000Z", "endDate" : "2019-01-12T07:59:59.999Z" },
      { "_id" : "2", "startDate" : "2019-01-21T07:00:00.000Z", "endDate" : "2020-01-04T07:59:59.999Z" }
   ]
}

Following is how to query documents by a condition on the subdocument −

> db.demo394.find({
...    $expr: {
...       $let: {
...          vars: { "d": { $arrayElemAt: [ "$details", -1 ] } },
...          in: { $eq: [ "$$d.endDate", "2020-01-04T07:59:59.999Z" ] }
...       }
...    }
... })

This will produce the following output −

{
   "_id" : ObjectId("5e5e716817aa3ef9ab8ab202"), "details" : [
      { "_id" : "1", "startDate" : "2018-01-11T07:00:00.000Z", "endDate" : "2019-01-12T07:59:59.999Z" },
      { "_id" : "2", "startDate" : "2019-01-21T07:00:00.000Z", "endDate" : "2020-01-04T07:59:59.999Z" }
   ] 
}