How do you perform an AND query on an array in MongoDB?

To perform an AND query on an array in MongoDB, use the $all operator. This operator matches documents where the array field contains all the specified elements, regardless of order or additional elements.

Syntax

db.collection.find({
    "arrayField": { $all: ["value1", "value2", "value3"] }
});

Sample Data

db.andQueryDemo.insertMany([
    {
        "StudentName": "Carol Taylor",
        "FavouriteSubject": ["C", "Java", "MongoDB", "MySQL"]
    },
    {
        "StudentName": "David Miller",
        "FavouriteSubject": ["C++", "Java", "MongoDB", "SQL Server"]
    },
    {
        "StudentName": "Carol Taylor",
        "FavouriteSubject": ["Python", "PL/SQL"]
    }
]);

{
    "acknowledged": true,
    "insertedIds": [
        ObjectId("5cc73e7a8f9e6ff3eb0ce433"),
        ObjectId("5cc73ea48f9e6ff3eb0ce434"),
        ObjectId("5cc73ed38f9e6ff3eb0ce435")
    ]
}

Example: Find Students with Both "Java" and "MongoDB"

Find all students who have both "Java" and "MongoDB" in their FavouriteSubject array ?

db.andQueryDemo.find({
    "FavouriteSubject": { $all: ["Java", "MongoDB"] }
});

{
    "_id": ObjectId("5cc73e7a8f9e6ff3eb0ce433"),
    "StudentName": "Carol Taylor",
    "FavouriteSubject": ["C", "Java", "MongoDB", "MySQL"]
}
{
    "_id": ObjectId("5cc73ea48f9e6ff3eb0ce434"),
    "StudentName": "David Miller",
    "FavouriteSubject": ["C++", "Java", "MongoDB", "SQL Server"]
}

How It Works

The $all operator returns documents where the specified array field contains all the listed values. The order of elements doesn't matter, and the array can contain additional elements beyond those specified in the query.

Conclusion

Use $all for AND operations on arrays in MongoDB. It matches documents containing all specified elements, making it perfect for finding records that meet multiple array criteria simultaneously.