Difference Between Manifest Function and Latent Functions

Separating "conscious impulses for social activities, and their objective implications," or, as Robert Merton puts it elsewhere, "obvious factual repercussions of intuitive tendencies," is what Robert Merton called the distinction between manifest and latent functions.

What is Manifest Function?

In Merton's view, the phrase "manifest function" denotes the intent behind social laws, processes, or activities that are designed to improve society. Manifest functions, he argued further, are the overt goals of social institutions.

What is a Latent Function?

Latent functions, on the other hand, are those that people don't realize they're doing but that have positive social effects.

Differences between Manifest Function and Latent Functions

The following table highlights the major differences between Manifest Functions and Latent Functions −

Characteristics	Manifest Function	Latent Functions
Definition	Manifest functions are the expected, beneficial outcomes of an entity or other social factors that are readily apparent to the public.	Latent functions are the positive impacts of an entity or social phenomenon that are not intended and are frequently not immediately obvious.
Kind	Manifest functions are those that are obvious and unambiguous, aiming directly at a predetermined endpoint.	Latent functions are the unanticipated, unpredicted, or unforeseeable outcomes of manifest functions that have already happened.
Example	As its name implies, a school's manifest function is to impart knowledge to its pupils.	The latent functions of a school include teaching students to follow rules, providing opportunities for students to socialize, and providing extracurricular activities.
Intentional/Unintentional	Manifest functions are intentional and artificially fabricated.	Latent functions are unintentional.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we may classify social functions into two broad categories: latent and manifest. Latent functions are the beneficial outcomes that result from an entity or social event but are not intended or even recognized as such. As opposed to this, manifest functions are the intended and expected positive effects. The main difference between latent and manifest functions is this.