C++ Program to Implement Hash Tables with Quadratic Probing

A hash table is a data structure which is used to store key-value pairs. Hash function is used by hash table to compute an index into an array in which an element will be inserted or searched. Quadratic probing is a collision resolving technique in Open Addressed Hash tables. It operates by taking the original hash index and adding successive values of an arbitrary quadratic polynomial until an open slot is found.

This is a C++ program to Implement Hash Tables with Quadratic Probing.

Algorithm

For search a key value:

Begin
   Declare function SearchKey(int k, HashTable *ht)
      int pos = HashFunc(k, ht->s)
      intialize collisions = 0
      while (ht->t[pos].info != Emp and ht->t[pos].e != k)
         pos = pos + 2 * ++collisions -1
         if (pos >= ht->s)
            pos = pos - ht->s
      return pos
End.

For Insert:

Begin
   Declare function Insert(int k, HashTable *ht)
      int pos = SearchKey(k, ht)
      if (ht->t[pos].info != Legi)
         ht->t[pos].info = Legi
         ht->t[pos].e = k
End.

For Display:

Begin
   Declare function display(HashTable *ht)
      for (int i = 0; i < ht->s; i++)
         int value = ht->t[i].e
         if (!value)
            print"Position: "
               print the current position
            Print" Element: Null"
         else
            print"Position: "
               print the current position
            Print" Element: "
               Print the element.
End.

For Rehash Function:

Begin
   Declare function Rehash(HashTable *ht)
      int s = ht->s
      HashTableEntry *t= ht->t
      ht= initiateTable(2 * s)
      for (int i = 0; i < s; i++)
         if (t[i].info == Legi)
            Insert(t[i].e, ht)
      free(t)
      return ht
End.
Source Code:

Example Code

 Live Demo

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#define T_S 10
using namespace std;
enum EntryType {
   Legi, Emp, Del};
   struct HashTableEntry {
      int e;
      enum EntryType info;
   };
   struct HashTable {
      int s;
      HashTableEntry *t;
   };
   bool isPrime (int n) {
   if (n == 2 || n == 3)
      return true;
   if (n == 1 || n % 2 == 0)
      return false;
   for (int i = 3; i * i <= n; i += 2)
      if (n % i == 0)
         return false;
   return true;
}
int nextPrime(int n) {
   if (n <= 0)
      n == 3;
   if (n % 2 == 0)
      n++;
   for (; !isPrime( n ); n += 2);
      return n;
}
int HashFunc(int k, int s) {
   return k % s;
}
HashTable *initiateTable(int s) {
   HashTable *ht;
   if (s < T_S) {
      cout<<"Table Size is Too Small"<<endl;
      return NULL;
   }
   ht= new HashTable;
   if (ht == NULL) {
      cout<<"Out of Space"<<endl;
      return NULL;
   }
   ht->s = nextPrime(s);
   ht->t = new HashTableEntry [ht->s];
   if (ht->t == NULL) {
      cout<<"Table Size is Too Small"<<endl;
      return NULL;
   }
   for (int i = 0; i < ht->s; i++) {
      ht->t[i].info = Emp;
      ht->t[i].e = NULL;
   }
   return ht;
}
int SearchKey(int k, HashTable *ht) {
   int pos = HashFunc(k, ht->s);
   int collisions = 0;
   while (ht->t[pos].info != Emp && ht->t[pos].e != k) {
      pos = pos + 2 * ++collisions -1;
      if (pos >= ht->s)
         pos = pos - ht->s;
   }
   return pos;
}
void Insert(int k, HashTable *ht) {
   int pos = SearchKey(k, ht);
   if (ht->t[pos].info != Legi) {
      ht->t[pos].info = Legi;
      ht->t[pos].e = k;
   }
}
HashTable *Rehash(HashTable *ht) {
   int s = ht->s;
   HashTableEntry *t= ht->t;
   ht= initiateTable(2 * s);
   for (int i = 0; i < s; i++) {
      if (t[i].info == Legi)
         Insert(t[i].e, ht);
   }
   free(t);
   return ht;
}
void display(HashTable *ht) {
   for (int i = 0; i < ht->s; i++) {
      int value = ht->t[i].e;
      if (!value)
         cout<<"Position: "<<i + 1<<" Element: Null"<<endl;
      else
         cout<<"Position: "<<i + 1<<" Element: "<<value<<endl;
   }
}
int main() {
   int v, s, pos, i = 1;
   int c;
   HashTable *ht;
   while(1) {
      cout<<"1.Initialize size of the table"<<endl;
      cout<<"2.Insert element into the table"<<endl;
      cout<<"3.Display Hash Table"<<endl;
      cout<<"4.Rehash The Table"<<endl;
      cout<<"5.Exit"<<endl;
      cout<<"Enter your choice: ";
      cin>>c;
      switch(c) {
         case 1:
            cout<<"Enter size of the Hash Table: ";
            cin>>s;
            ht = initiateTable(s);
            cout<<"Size of Hash Table: "<<nextPrime(s);
         break;
         case 2:
            if (i > ht->s) {
               cout<<"Table is Full, Rehash the table"<<endl;
               continue;
            }
            cout<<"Enter element to be inserted: ";
            cin>>v;
            Insert(v, ht);
            i++;
         break;
         case 3:
            display(ht);
         break;
         case 4:
            ht = Rehash(ht);
         break;
         case 5:
            exit(1);
         default:
            cout<<"\nEnter correct option\n";
      }
   }
   return 0;
}

Output

1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter size of the Hash Table: 4
Table Size is Too Small
Size of Hash Table: 51.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter size of the Hash Table: 10
Size of Hash Table: 111.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter element to be inserted: 1
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter element to be inserted: 2
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter element to be inserted: 3
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter element to be inserted: 4
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter element to be inserted: 5
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter element to be inserted: 6
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter element to be inserted: 7
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter element to be inserted: 8
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter element to be inserted: 9
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter element to be inserted: 10
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter element to be inserted: 11
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Table is Full, Rehash the table
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 3
Position: 1 Element: 11
Position: 2 Element: 1
Position: 3 Element: 2
Position: 4 Element: 3
Position: 5 Element: 4
Position: 6 Element: 5
Position: 7 Element: 6
Position: 8 Element: 7
Position: 9 Element: 8
Position: 10 Element: 9
Position: 11 Element: 10
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 4
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 3
Position: 1 Element: Null
Position: 2 Element: 1
Position: 3 Element: 2
Position: 4 Element: 3
Position: 5 Element: 4
Position: 6 Element: 5
Position: 7 Element: 6
Position: 8 Element: 7
Position: 9 Element: 8
Position: 10 Element: 9
Position: 11 Element: 10
Position: 12 Element: 11
Position: 13 Element: Null
Position: 14 Element: Null
Position: 15 Element: Null
Position: 16 Element: Null
Position: 17 Element: Null
Position: 18 Element: Null
Position: 19 Element: Null
Position: 20 Element: Null
Position: 21 Element: Null
Position: 22 Element: Null
Position: 23 Element: Null
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter element to be inserted: 20
1.Initialize size of the table
2.Insert element into the table
3.Display Hash Table
4.Rehash The Table
5.Exit
Enter your choice: 5