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C Program To Check whether Matrix is Skew Symmetric or not?
Square Matrix A is said to be skew-symmetric if aij=−aji for all i and j. In other words, we can say that matrix A is said to be skew-symmetric if transpose of matrix A is equal to negative of Matrix A i.e (AT=−A).
Note that all the main diagonal elements in the skew-symmetric matrix are zero.
lets take an example of a matrix
A= |0 -5 4| |5 0 -1| |-4 1 0|
It is skew-symmetric matrix because aij=−aji for all i and j. Example, a12 = -5 and a21=5 which means a12=−a21. Similarly, this condition holds true for all other values of i and j.
We can also verify that Transpose of Matrix A is equal to negative of matrix A i.e AT=−A.
AT= |0 5 -4| |-5 0 1| |4 -1 0| and A= |0 -5 4| |5 0 -1| |-4 1 0|
We can clearly see that AT=−A which makes A skew-symmetric matrix.
Input: Enter the number of rows and columns: 2 2 Enter the matrix elements: 10 20 20 10 Output: The matrix is symmetric. 10 20 20 10
Explanation
If the matrix is equal to its transpose, then it’s a symmetric matrix.
Else if it’s transpose is equal to the negative of itself, then the matrix is skew-symmetric. Else it is neither. The result is printed accordingly
The process to check for symmetry of a matrix
The user is asked to enter a number of rows and columns of the matrix.
The elements of the matrix are asked to enter and store in ‘A’. Variables ‘x’ and ‘y’ are initialized as 0.
If the matrix is not equal to its transpose, a temporary variable ‘x’ is assigned 1.
Else if the negative of the matrix is equal to its transpose, a temporary variable ‘y’ is assigned 1.
If x is equal to 0, then the matrix is symmetric. Else if y is equal to 1, the matrix is skew-symmetric.
If neither of the conditions satisfies, the matrix is neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric.
The result is then printed.
Example
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int A[10][10], i, j, m, n, x = 0, y = 0;
cout << "Enter the number of rows and columns : ";
cin >> m >> n;
cout << "Enter the matrix elements : ";
for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
cin >> A[i][j];
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for( j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if (A[i][j] != A[j][i])
x = 1;
else if (A[i][j] == -A[j][i])
y = 1;
}
}
if (x == 0)
cout << "The matrix is symmetric.
";
else if (y == 1)
cout << "The matrix is skew symmetric.
";
else
cout << "It is neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric.
";
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
cout << A[i][j] << " ";
cout << "
";
}
return 0;
}
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