Combination and permutation are a part of combinatorics. The permutation is known as the different arrangements that a set of elements can make if the elements are taken one at a time, some at a time, or all at a time. Combination is the different ways of selecting elements if ... Read More

The fastest algorithm to find the prime numbers is the Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm. It is one of the most efficient ways to find the prime numbers smaller than n when n is smaller than around 10 million. In this article, we have a given number as 'num'. Our ... Read More

Fermat's Little theorem states that if 'p' is a prime number and 'a' is an integer that is not divisible by p, then a^(p-1) ≡ 1 modulo p or a^(p-1) mod p = 1. We will use Fermat's Little theorem to test whether the given number is a prime number ... Read More

Euler's theorem states that if two numbers (a and n), are co-prime i.e. gcd(a, n)=1, then 'a' raised to the power of Euler's totient function of n (a^φ(n)) is congruent to 1 modulo n i.e. a^φ(n) ≡ 1 (mod n). The Euler's Totient Function is denoted as φ(n) and represents ... Read More

Fermat's Little Theorem states that if p is a prime number and a is an integer not divisible by p, then a^(p-1) is congruent to 1 modulo p. It can be represented as a(p-1) ≡ 1 (mod p). It can also be said that if any integer a is raised ... Read More

The Park-Miller algorithm is a type of linear congruential generator (LCG) that is used to generate pseudo-random numbers. It is also called the minimal standard random number generator. The general formula of a random number generator (RNG) of this type is: X_{k+1} = g X(k) mod n where the modulus ... Read More

The Russian Peasant multiplication is used to multiply two numbers without using the multiplication operator. It involves constant use of halving and doubling the numbers. In this article, we have two integers, our task is to find the product of these two integers by implementing russian peasant multiplication in C++. ... Read More

The probability density function (pdf) is a function that describes the relative likelihood for this random variable to take on a given value. It is also called as density of a continuous random variable. The probability of the random variable fall within a particular range of values is given by ... Read More

The middle-square method is one of the simplest methods of generating random numbers. This method will either begin repeatedly generating the same number or cycle to a previous number in the sequence and loop indefinitely. For a generator of n-digit random numbers, the period can be no longer than the ... Read More

The interpolation search is an improved version of the binary search. The list is divided using the mid element in the binary search whereas the interpolation search algorithm tries to locate the exact position using the interpolation formula. For this algorithm to work properly, the data collection should be in ... Read More