Introduction Gross error, systematic error and random error are different types of errors. The error may be defined as the difference between the true value and the measured value. The actual value is the average value of multiple times the measured value. The measurement taken by the observer as accurately ... Read More

Introduction Diffusion coefficient of Oxygen can be explained by Fick’s laws. Fick’s laws of diffusion describe or explain diffusion, and it was derived in the year 1855 by scientist Adolf Fick. This law can be used to solve for the diffusion coefficient, denoted by “D”. Fick’s first law can be ... Read More

Introduction Measuring volume of irregular lamina using screw gauge has many practical applications in our daily life. we observe many objects that are irregular in shape with different thicknesses. Measuring thickness, area, and volume parameters for regular smooth objects will be easy. But for irregular objects, these parameters need ... Read More

Introduction Diffraction of light waves is an important concept of wave optics. The phenomena of light, reflection and refraction can be explained only on the basis of wave optics. The direction in which the light propagates in the form of a wave is indicated by the light screen itself. When ... Read More

Introduction Measuring diameter of a small spherical body using vernier calliper has many practical applications in our daily life. Measurements are fundamental to all scientific sections. It also plays a crucial role in our daily life. Seeing your height, buying milk for your house. Actions like timing your friend ... Read More

Introduction Diffraction of X-rays by crystal is explained by Bragg’s law. This tutorial unwraps the unique diffraction observation in crystal lattice materials when X-rays pass through them. Diffraction is a universal principle when any wave passes from one medium to another. But X-ray diffraction (known short as XRD) has ... Read More

Introduction Complex numbers make it simpler to find the square root of negative values. The concept of complex numbers was first presented when Hero of Alexandria, a Greek mathematician, attempted to compute the square root of a negative number in the first century. However, he made the integers' negative ... Read More

Introduction Mathematical reasoning, a crucial skill that enables pupils to examine a given hypothesis without reference to a specific context or meaning, includes conditional statements. The reasoning is not based on an individual's opinion when a scientific investigation or assertion is investigated, to put it simply. The basis for ... Read More

Introduction When a solid surface like a cone is cut by a plane it forms different sections called conic sections. There are different conic sections like a circle, ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola based on the angle at which the plane intersects with the cone axis. Circle and ellipse are ... Read More

Introduction A triangle has three sides, and three angles these two are the important parameters in constructing a triangle. It is done using a few geometrical equipment like a protractor (to measure an angle), compass (to draw the arc for a given measured side), and ruler (to measure the ... Read More