Introduction During the process of deprotonation of carbonic acid, an intermediate polyatomic anion is formed. This anion is called bicarbonate anion. It is represented by the chemical formula $\mathrm{HCO_{3}^{-}}$. The terminology of bicarbonate was given by an English chemist named William Hyde Wollaston in 1814. Bicarbonate ions are also referred ... Read More

Introduction During the synthesis of Americium 243, Seaborg's group synthesized a few milligrams of the element Berkelium. It is a synthetic element found in the periodic table. In 1967 about one gram of Berkelium has been synthesized by the united states. In 2009 about 22 milligrams has been synthesized at ... Read More

Introduction Ever since the sixteenth century, benzoic acid $\mathrm{(C_{6}H_{5}COOH)}$, the most basic benzenebased carboxylic acid ($\mathrm{RCOOH}$), has been recognized. The famed clairvoyant Nostradamus was one of its discoverers. The most frequent natural resource is gum benzoin, a substance present in the bark of Styrax plants. The majority of benzoic acid ... Read More

Introduction The formation of carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds is a key process in benzoin condensation. It is accomplished by producing an acyl anion equivalent from 1 aldehyde molecule and then adding it to another. Usually, a cyanide ion catalyses the process. The 1$\mathrm{^{st}}$ intermediate is cyanohydrin anion, which is the precursor ... Read More

Introduction Benzyl Alcohol is a naturally occurring organic element in the Balsam of Peru. It is a common element in fruits and teas. It is also an important component of essential oils such as ylang-ylang oils, Jasmine, and Hyacinth. So this aromatic compound has a pleasant aroma and has some ... Read More

Introduction Benzene is a kind of aromatic compound with the molecular formula $\mathrm{C_{6}H_{6}}$. Michael Faraday, an English chemist, invented benzene, the basic organic chemical. This is a natural but also necessary element of crude oil. Visually, it seems to be a white liquid with a gasoline-like odour. Chemists have discovered ... Read More

Introduction To assess metabolically reducing sugars, they are commonly determined in the food sector, biological research, and biopharmaceutical quality control. Common detection techniques are complicated, costly, or very polluting. Benedict's test (BT) for reducing sugars for value determination of glucose in urination was devised by Stanley R. Benedict. This method ... Read More

Introduction The experimentation of bending a glass tube provides information about the nature of glass as well as its inherent qualities. Glass has historically been utilized for ornamental purposes, but it is also employed as a transparent barrier that allows for reasonably safe inspection. While many other types of glass ... Read More

Introduction To change oximes into amides, the Beckmann rearrangement is a reaction that is used widely. Since its discovery, the reaction's safety & viability have significantly improved. This study focuses on the development of the Beckmann rearrangement and how it has been used to improve the present synthesis of mass-produced, ... Read More

Introduction BCC stands for Body-Centered cubic unit cell, while FCC stands for Face-centered Cubic unit cell. These are types of atom arrangements. In BCC, the structure consists of various atoms arranged or packed in a cubic lattice where each or every single corner or edge of the cube/cubic shares a ... Read More