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Articles by Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Page 66 of 196
How to change the default type of points for scatterplot using ggplot2 in R?
To change the defaults for ggplot2 geoms, we need to use update_geom_defaults function. If we want to change the shape of points for scatterplot, we can use the below syntax −update_geom_defaults("point",list(shape=”point_shape_number”))The point shape number ranges from 0 to 25. We can change that according to our need.Consider the below data frame −Examplex
Read MoreHow to extract axes labels for the plot drawn using ggplot2 in R?
When we create a plot using ggplot2, the axes labels are automatically generated for both the axes. We might want to use those axes labels for report writing or some other purpose, therefore, extraction of those labels for a plot created by using ggplot2 package can be found by using the ggplot_build function as shown in the below example but we need to save the plot in an object.Consider the below data frame −Examplex
Read MoreHow to multiply only one column in an R data frame with a number?
To multiply only one column with a number, we can simply use the multiplication operator * but need to replace the original column with the new values. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains three columns x1, x2, and x3, and we want to multiply the second column x2 with 2 then it can be done as df$x2
Read MoreHow to create a combination of pairs from a vector in R?
To create a combination of pairs, we can use the combn function. This function will be helpful to use the vector length and the value 2 that represents a pair to create the combinations. Although, this is enough but we can transpose the output to get a better−looking output.Example1x1
Read MoreHow to increase the X-axis length of histogram in base R?
To increase the X-axis length of histogram in base R, we can use the axis function. The most important thing to remember while using the axis function is mentioning the appropriate sequence based on the values in the vector or in the column of the data frame if a data frame is used.Examplex
Read MoreHow to set the plot area to assign the plots manually in base R?
We can split the screen to assign the plots manually in the plot area. The split.screen function can be used for this purpose. For example, if we want to create 4 plots in the plot window then we can use split.screen(c(2, 2)). Now to create the plot in first screen the command will be screen(1) then plot will be created. If we again create the plot then the original plot in screen(1) will be replaced with the new one. To create the plot in 3rd screen that is screen(3), we first need to use the command screen(3) and then create ...
Read MoreHow to get the list of available data frames in R environment?
When we perform any type of data analysis, there are many types of objects that are created in the R environment such as vector, data frame, matrix, lists, arrays, etc. If we want to get the list of available data frames in R environment then we can use the below command −names(which(unlist(eapply(.GlobalEnv,is.data.frame))))Examplex1
Read MoreHow to create a random vector of integers with increasing values only in R?
To create a random vector of integers with increasing values, we can do random sampling with sample.int and for increasing values cummax function needs to be used. For example, to create a random vector of integers of size 5 up to values 5 starting from 1 can be done by using the command cummax(sample.int(5)).Examplex1
Read MoreHow to find the subtotal in R?
By subtotal we mean finding the sum of values based on grouping column. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains three numerical columns as x, y, z and one categorical column say Group then the subtotal of x, y, z for each category in Group can be found by using the command aggregate(cbind(x,y,z)~Group,data=df,FUN=sum).Consider the below data frame −Examplex1
Read MoreHow to plot time series data with labels in R?
If we have time series data stored in a data frame then plotting the same as a time series cannot be done directly, also the labels for the series might not be possible directly. Therefore, we first need to convert the data frame to a time series object by using the function ts as shown in the below example and then using the plot function to create the plot, this will display the labels for the series as well.Consider the below data frame −ExampleTime
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