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Articles by Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Page 114 of 196
How to create a vector with repeated values in R?
There are two methods to create a vector with repeated values in R but both of them have different approaches, first one is by repeating each element of the vector and the second repeats the elements by a specified number of times. Both of these methods use rep function to create the vectors.ExampleConsider the below examples −> x1 x1 [1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 [39] 4 ...
Read MoreHow to remove all rows having NA in R?
To remove all rows having NA, we can use na.omit() function. For Example, if we have a data frame called df that contains some NA values then we can remove all rows that contains at least one NA by using the command na.omit(df).That means if we have more than one column in the data frame then rows that contains even one NA will be removed. Check out the below Examples to understand how it works.Example 1Consider the below data frame −x1
Read MoreHow to find the moving standard deviation in an R matrix?
To find the moving standard deviation in a matrix is done in the same way as in a data frame, we just need to use the matrix object name in place of data frame name. Hence, we can make use of rollapply function of zoo package for this purpose.For example, if we have a matrix called M and we want to find the 2 moving standard deviations then we can use the below given command −rollapply(M,width=2,FUN=sd,fill=0,align="r")Example 1Following snippet creates a matrix −M1
Read MoreHow to round the summary output in R?
To round the output of summary function in R, we can use digits argument while applying the summary function.For example, if we have a data frame called df then to find the summary statistics with two digits in the output we can use the below given command −summary(df, digits=2)Example 1Following snippet creates a dataframe −head(iris, 20) The following dataframe is created − Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 ...
Read MoreHow to find the row wise sum for n number of columns in R?
To find the row wise sum of n number of columns can be found by using the rowSums function along with subsetting of the columns with single square brackets.For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains five columns and we want to find the row sums for last three columns then we can use the following command −df$Sum_3
Read MoreHow to extract the maximum value from named vector in R?
To extract the maximum value from named vector in R, we can use which.max function.For example, if we have a vector called X which is a named vector then we can use the following command to find the maximum value in X.X[which.max(X)]Check out the below examples to understand how it works.Example 1Following snippet creates a vector −x1
Read MoreHow to reduce the space between Y-axis value and ticks using ggplot2 in R?
To reduce the space between axis value and ticks using ggplot2, we can use theme function of ggplot2 package with margin set to 0.For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains two columns say x and y then the scatterplot between x and y with reduced space between Y-axis value and ticks can be created by using the following command −ggplot(df,aes(x,y))+geom_point()+theme(axis.text.y=element_text(margin=margin(r=0)))ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −x
Read MoreHow to display fraction in base R plot?
To display fraction in base R plot, we can use frac function in text function.For example, if we create a plot of vectors called X and Y with display of over form fraction as X over Y at X=2 and Y= 2 then we can use the following code −text(2, 2, expression(Output==frac(X, Y)))Check out the below examples to understand how it works.Example 1To display fraction in base R plot, use the code given below −plot(1:5, type="n") text(2, 4, expression(Output==frac(x, y)))OutputIf you execute the above given code, it generates the following output −Example 2To display fraction in base R plot, use ...
Read MoreHow to display fraction in a plot title using ggplot2 in R?
To display fraction in a plot title using ggplot2 in R, we can use frac function inside ggtitle function of ggplot2 package. Generally, fraction is displayed as X/Y but frac function helps to create the fraction in over form.Check out the below example to understand how over form of fraction can be displayed in a plot title using ggplot2.ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −x
Read MoreHow to find the sequence of correlation between variables in an R data frame or matrix?
To find the sequence of correlation between variables in an R data frame or matrix, we can use correlate and stretch function from corrr package.For example, if we have a data frame called df then we can find the sequence of correlation between variables in df by using the below given command −df%>% correlate() %>% stretch() %>% arrange(r)Example 1Following snippet creates a sample data frame −x1% + arrange(r) Correlation method: 'pearson' Missing treated using: 'pairwise.complete.obs' # A tibble: 25 x 3OutputIf you execute all the above given snippets as a single program, it generates the following output − ...
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