There is no system of track electrification which is good in all aspects, i.e. it suffers from some disadvantage.The composite system (as the name implies) combines together any two of the systems of track electrification so as to incorporate good points of both the systems. The composite systems presently being used ... Read More

What is Third Rail Traction System?A third rail is a method of providing electric power to an electric train through a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed along-side or between the running rails of a railway track.The third rail system uses an additional rail, called as conductor rail for supplying electrical power ... Read More

A non-electric traction system is a type of traction system that does not use electrical energy for the movement of a vehicle at any stage.Types of Non-Electric Traction SystemThe most popular non-electric traction systems are −Steam Engine DriveInternal Combustion (IC) Engine Drive or Diesel Engine DriveIn this article, we will ... Read More

What is Electro-Extraction?Electro-extraction, also known as electro-winning can be defined in several ways as −Electro-extraction is an electrochemical process that is used for production of metals with commercially acceptable purity.Electro-extraction is the electro-deposition of metals from their ores that have been in electrolytic solution.Electro-extraction is the electrolytic process by which ... Read More

DC Track Electrification SystemThe DC track electrification system is the one which uses 600 V DC to 750 V DC for urban railway services and 1500 V DC to 3000 V DC for main line services. In this DC system, the current collection system may be of the third rail ... Read More

In the direct current (DC) system, DC series motors are used for running the electric trains. The DC series motors are used in electric trains due to their following advantages −They have very high starting torque.DC series motor has smaller weight to power ratio.DC series motor has self-speed regulating property.They ... Read More

A negative booster is a separately excited DC generator whose armature is connected with negative bus-bar at the far end of the track through negative feeder. The connection diagram of the negative booster is shown in the figure below.As in case of DC traction system, the return current flows through ... Read More

Schedule Speed of an Electric TrainThe schedule speed of an electric train is defined as the ratio of the distance covered between two stops to the actual time of the run including the time for stop. The schedule speed is denoted by VS and is given by, $$\mathrm{\mathrm{Schedule\: speed}, \mathit{V_{\mathit{S}}}\:=\:\frac{\mathrm{Distance ... Read More

The part of an electric motor that protects the motor from the contaminants in the environment in which it is operating and persons being from touch is called the motor enclosure.The motor enclosures are necessary for the following reasons −It protects the motor against foreign body and severe conditions.It protects ... Read More

Electric motor drives are the basic assemblies used for the transformation of electrical power into mechanical energy. In simple words, the term "electric motor drive" is used to denote drives driven by electric motors.Types of Motors Used for Electric DrivesFollowing are the different types of motors used for industrial electric ... Read More