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Articles by Bhanu Priya
Page 62 of 106
What is Dense Wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)?
Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a technology that multiplexes data signals from different sources so they can share a single optical fibre pair while maintaining complete separation of the data streams.DWDM can handle higher speed protocols up to 100 Gbps per channel. Each channel is only 0.8nm apart. Dense wavelength division multiplexing works on the same principle as CWDM but in addition to the increased channel capacity it can also be amplified to support much longer distances.The diagram given below represents the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) −Working of DWDMThe working of DWDM is explained below −DWDM modulates multiple ...
Read MoreWhat are the SONET/SDH standards in networking?
Let us understand what a SONET/SDH Transmission in computer networking is.SONET/SDH TransmissionSONET stands for synchronous optical network. It offers cost effective transport both in the access area and core of the network.The transport services for the metro are provided by the optical layer. The optical layer has been now giving services for synchronous transmission and performance monitoring.Example − Telecom Network overviewThe SONET/SDH transmission is diagrammatically represented as follows −Its main role is that if some of the points in a network have not been working properly, the damaged sonnet has the capability to provide alternative points for the transport.Multiplexing enables ...
Read MoreWhat are the different access technologies in computer networks?
Access Network is a type of network which connects the end system to the immediate router, physically in the path from the end system to any other distant end system. In telecommunications it is the network connecting subscribers to ISP.Some of the examples of the Access Networks are as follows −Home networkMobile networkAsymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)Internet service provider (ISP)Some of access technologies are as follows −EthernetThe telephone lineWifiCable internet accessFiber to the home (FTTH)Dial-up modemDigital subscriber lineWide Area wireless Access networkNow let us try to understand some of the technologies in detail −Digital subscriber lineDigital subscriber line was previously ...
Read MoreWhat is virtual circuit packet switching?
Packet Switched service transfers the data from source to destination. Data is transferred on a type of network in which small units of data called packets are transferred. Each packet contains a destination address within it, where it has to be received.This type of communication between receiver & sender is connectionless. The internet is also a connectionless network. Most of the traffic over the internet uses packet switched service.Voice call over the internet is a type of packet switching, where each end of the conversation is divided into small packets & is reassembled later into a complete message. Packets are ...
Read MoreWhat is the concept of datagram packet switching?
In a packet switching network, the data or information is transmitted between the sender and receiver in the form of packets. It does not require a dedicated physical path to transmit the fixed-size packet across the sun-network.If the size of information is large, then it is subdivided into multiple packets. On the destination side these multiple packets are assembled together into the original message, one type of packet-switched network is the datagram packet switched network.Types of Packet Switching NetworkThe packet switching network is of two types −Datagram packet switchingVirtual circuit packet switchingThe packet switching network is diagrammatically represented as follows ...
Read MoreImplementation of connection-oriented services
We need a virtual-circuit subnet for connection-oriented service. Virtual circuits were designed to avoid having to choose a new route for every packet sent.Instead, a route from the source machine to the destination machine is chosen as part of the connection setup and stored in tables inside the routers, when a connection is established. That route is utilised for all traffic flowing over the connection, and exactly the same manner even telephone works.The virtual circuit is also terminated, when the connection is released. In connection-oriented service, every packet will have an identifier which tells to which virtual circuit it belongs ...
Read MoreWhat is Implementation of connection less services?
When connectionless service is offered, packets are frequently called Datagrams (just like telegrams) because individual packets are injected to the subnet and are routed individually.No advance setup is required. Subnets are called Datagram subnets. When Connection oriented service is provided, then before any packet is sent a path from source router to destination router is established. This connection is called Virtual Circuit and the subnet is called Virtual Circuit subnet.The implementation of connectionless service is diagrammatically represented as follows −Datagram NetworkLet us discuss how datagram network works in stepwise manner −Step 1 − Suppose there is a process P1 on ...
Read MoreDifferentiate between infrastructure mode and the ad hoc mode of IEEE 802.11
802.11 architecture uses two types of modes, which are as follows −Infrastructure ModeThe most popular mode used to connect clients like laptops and smartphones to another network such as company intranet or internet.This mode is shown below −In infrastructure mode every client is associated with an Access point which is in turn connected to another network. The client sends and receives its packet via Access Point.Ad-Hoc ModeCollections of computers are associated so that they can directly send frames to each other. There is no Access Point in Ad hoc, because Internet access is the killer application for wireless. Ad hoc ...
Read MoreWhat is the performance of ethernet and token ring under light traffic load?
Ethernet is a way of connecting computers together in LAN, it is the most widely used method of linking computers together in LANs. The basic idea of its design is that multiple computers have access to it and can send data at any time.Token Ring is also a computer networking technology which is used to build local area networks where all stations are connected in a ring topology and pass one or more tokens for channel acquisition.EthernetThe performance of Ethernet under light traffic load is explained below in stepwise manner −Step 1 − Ethernet is a computer networking technology which ...
Read MoreWhat is Ethernet evolution in computer networks?
Ethernet was developed at Xerox PARC between 1973 and 1974. Engineer Bob Metcalfe invented it for interconnecting advanced computer workstations, making it possible to send data to one another and to high-speed laser printers.It was originally intended to create a network in a small area known as a Local Area Network (LAN).In 1983 the first iteration of Ethernet 10Base 5, was released.In 1985 thin coaxial cable was approved and the group made changes to the specification in 1987, 1990 and 1993.In 1995 so called Fast Ethernet introduced it contains speed and duplex mode (both side transmitting at same time)In 1998 ...
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