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Articles by Bhanu Priya
Page 61 of 106
What is a Domain Name System?
The acronym for Domain Name System is DNS. It is a naming system that works hierarchically and is decentralized for computers, servers (web servers), services, resources, network devices and components that are present on large networks such as the public Internet.For example, in layman terms, it is a phonebook for computers on the Internet.It translates and maps alphabetic domain names (websites' web addresses or names) to the numeric Internet Protocol (IP) addresses of computers or servers. And it also does the reverse process. DNS uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP). DNS service uses port number 53.Technically, computers or technically the routers ...
Read MoreWhat is RPC Implementation?
When a program present in one computer wants to request something from another program which is running on another computer in a different network, then the protocol that the program may use is called Remote Procedure Call.By using this protocol, the program doesn't have a need to know the network details.Applications of RPCSome of the applications of RPC are as follows −Active Directory service in windows uses this protocol.Most of the MMC terminals also use this protocol.Many of the DCOM components are based on RPC.Some utilities such as "Windows Computer Management", "registry editor", etc let us contact a remote system. ...
Read MoreWhat are the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) services?
The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a new transport protocol at the same layer as TCP and UDP. It provides functions for association management, sequence delivery, message chunk building, packet validation, and path management. SCTP is a new reliable, message-oriented transport layer protocol. It is mostly designed for Internet applications that have recently been introduced.These new applications such as IUA (ISDN over IP), M2UA and M3UA (Telephony Signalling), H.248 (Media Gateway Control), H.323 (IP telephony), and SIP (IP Telephony), need a more sophisticated service than TCP can provide.Stream Control Transmission ProtocolIt is a transport layer protocol and is used ...
Read MoreWhat is UDP Datagram Format in computer networks?
The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a transport layer protocol defined for use with the IP network layer protocol. UDP does not provide any reliability.ExplanationLet us see the explanation of UDP in a stepwise manner.Step 1 − For example, it does not transmit any lost packets. Often, this is the main reason to consider UDP as a transport.Step 2 − Applications that do require reliable message delivery therefore need to implement appropriate protocol mechanisms in their application.Step 3 − UDP's best effort service does not protect against datagram duplication i.e an application may receive multiple copies of UDP datagram.Step 4 ...
Read MoreWhat are IPV6 Unicast Addresses in computer networks?
Internet protocol version 6(IPv6) allows data transfer to take place over the network. The need for IPv6 arises as this protocol can handle the packets more efficiently which thereby improve the performance and security. Most importantly it enables the service providers to reduce the size of their routing tables.Representation of IPv6IPv6 consists of 128 bits which are represented by eight groups of hexadecimal digits out of which each group is represented by 16 bits that are separated by colons.Example of IPv6 address2002:0db6:65a3:0000:0000:6a2e:0270:7443Types of IPv6They are broadly classified into three types namely −Unicast − From the name uni it’s so obvious ...
Read MoreWhat are load sensitive routing algorithms?
Load-sensitive routing algorithms have been integrated into the Internet routing algorithms since the early days of ARPANET. The drawback of this condition leads to overreaction to changing network conditions and permanent oscillation effects finally caused the idea of load-adaptive routing to be dropped for some decades.There is a tremendous growth of interest in traffic engineering and in load-sensitive routing in general from the last year onwards.Many studies testify that with the stability mechanisms integrated these kinds of algorithms strongly outperform the traditional shortest-path IP routing.In the study of load-sensitive routing algorithms several emerging approaches to load-sensitive routing are presented and ...
Read MoreWhat are static routing algorithms in computer networks?
Static routing algorithm is a form of routing which occurs when a router uses a manual configuration routing entry rather than dynamic entry.In different cases, static routes are manually configured by a network administrator by adding entries into the routing table. It is not possible in all cases. Static routes are fixed and do not change if the network is changed or reconfigured.Static and dynamic routing is not mutually exclusive. They are usually used on a router to maximise routing efficiency and to provide backups in the event that dynamic routing information fails to be exchanged.UsesThe different uses of Static ...
Read MoreWhat are noise impairments in Computer networks?
Transmission impairment occurs when the received signal is different from the transmitted signal. As we know, a signal can be transmitted as Analog signal or it can be transmitted as a digital signal.In Analog signals due to transmission impairment the resulting received signal gets different amplitude or the shape. In the case of digitally transmitted signals at the receiver side we get changes in bits (0's or 1's).CausesThere are various causes of transmission impairments, which are as follows −NoiseDelay DistortionAttenuation DistortionLet us discuss noise which is one of the causes for transmission impairments.NoiseNoise is the major factor for the transmission ...
Read MoreWhat is Attenuation Distortion in computer networks?
Transmission impairment occurs when the received signal is different from the transmitted signal. As we know, a signal can be transmitted as Analog signal or it can be transmitted as a digital signal.In Analog signals due to transmission impairment the resulting received signal gets different amplitude or the shape. In the case of digitally transmitted signals at the receiver side we get changes in bits (0's or 1's).CausesThere are various causes of transmission impairments, which are as follows −NoiseDelay DistortionAttenuation DistortionLet us discuss Attenuation Distortion.Attenuation DistortionAttenuation is generally decreased in signal strength, by which the received signal will be difficult ...
Read MoreWhat is network services terminology?
The real function of every layer in OSI is to provide services to the layer above it.Network Services TerminologyThe network services terminology is explained below −Entities − In each layer there are so many active elements. An entity can be a software entity or a hardware entity. For example, a software entity is Process and a hardware entity is Intelligent I/O chipPeer Entities − Entities in the same layer on different machines are called peer entities.Service Provider and Service User − The entities in layer N-1 implement a service used by layer N. Layer N-1 is called the Service Provider ...
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