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Server Side Programming Articles
Page 1235 of 2109
Program to find the left side view of a binary tree in C++
Suppose we have a binary tree, if we see the tree from left side, then we can see some elements of it. we have to display those elements. So if the tree is like −The output will be [1, 2, 5]To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define an array retDefine a function dfs(), this will take node, c initialize it with 1, if node is null, then −returnif c > lvl, then −lvl := cinsert value of node into retdfs(left of node, c + 1)dfs(right of node, c + 1)From the main method, do the following −lvl := ...
Read MoreProgram to find length of longest common subsequence in C++
Suppose we have two strings text1 and text2, we have to find the length of their longest common subsequence. As we know a subsequence of a string is a new string generated from the original string with some characters deleted without changing the relative order of the remaining characters. (So for example "abe" is a subsequence of "abcde" but "adc" is not). A common subsequence of two strings is a subsequence that is common to both strings. So If there is no common subsequence, return 0. If the input is like “abcde”, and “ace”, then the result will be 3.To ...
Read MoreProgram to find length of longest common substring in C++
Suppose we have two lowercase strings X and Y, we have to find the length of their longest common substring.So, if the input is like X = "helloworld", Y = "worldbook", then the output will be 5, as "world" is the longest common substring and its length is 5.To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define an array longest of size: m+1 x n+1.len := 0for initialize i := 0, when i
Read MoreHow to join points in a point chart with lines using ggplot2 in R?
Usually, a point chart is created to assess the relationship or movement of two variables together but sometimes these points are scattered in a way that makes confusion. Hence, data analyst or researcher try to visualize this type of graph by joining the points with lines. In ggplot2, this joining can be done by using geom_line() function.Consider the below data frame −Exampleset.seed(111) x
Read MoreHow to find the maximum of factor levels in numerical column and return the output including other columns in the R data frame?
When we have factor column that helps to differentiate between numerical column then we might want to find the maximum value for each of the factor levels. This will help us to compare the factor levels in terms of their maximum and if we want to do this by getting all the columns in the data frame then aggregate function needs to be used with merge function.Consider the below data frame −Exampleset.seed(78) Group
Read MoreHow to extract correlation coefficient value from correlation test in R?
To perform the correlation test in R, we need to use cor.test function with two variables and it returns so many values such as test statistic value, degrees of freedom, the p-value, the confidence interval, and the correlation coefficient value. If we want to extract the correlation coefficient value from the correlation test output then estimate function could be used as shown in below examples.Examplex1
Read MoreHow to find row minimum for an R data frame?
Data analysis is a difficult task because it has so much variation in terms of the smaller objectives of a big project. One of the smallest tasks could be finding the minimum value in each row contained in a data frame. For this purpose, we cam use apply function and pass the FUN argument as min so that we can get minimum values.Consider the below data frame −Exampleset.seed(101) x1
Read MoreHow to find the groupwise mean and save it in a data frame object in R?
We often need groupwise mean in data analysis, especially in situations where analysis of variance techniques is used because these techniques helps us to compare different groups based on their measures of central tendencies and measures of variations. It can be done by using aggregate function so that the output can be saved in a data frame object. In the below examples, we can see how it can be done and also check the final object type.ExampleConsider the below data frame −set.seed(109) Salary
Read MoreHow to change the size of correlation coefficient value in correlation matrix plot using corrplot in R?
The correlation coefficient value size in correlation matrix plot created by using corrplot function ranges from 0 to 1, 0 referring to the smallest and 1 referring to the largest, by default it is 1. To change this size, we need to use number.cex argument. For example, if we want to decrease the size to half then we can use number.cex = 0.5.ExampleConsider the below matrix −set.seed(99) M corrplot(cor(M), addCoef.col="black")OutputChanging the size of correlation coefficient value to 0.75 −corrplot(cor(M), addCoef.col="black", number.cex=0.75)OutputChanging the size of correlation coefficient value to 0.30 −> corrplot(cor(M), addCoef.col="black", number.cex=0.30)Output
Read MoreProgram to find total mutation group of genes in C++
Suppose we have a list of strings called genes where each element has the same length and each element contains characters "A", "C", "G" and/or "T". Now there are some rules −When two strings s1 and s2 are the same string except for one character, then s1 and s2 are in the same mutation group.When two strings s1 and s2 are in a group and s2 and s3 are in a group, then s1 and s3 are in the same group.We have to find the total number of mutation groups we can generate.So, if the input is like genes = ...
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