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Programming Articles
Page 310 of 2544
How to calculate the number of elements greater than a certain value in a vector in R?
In data analysis, sometimes we need to count the number of values that are greater than or less than a certain value, and this certain value could be a threshold. For example, we might have a vector that contain values for blood pressure of people and we might want check how many values are greater than 120. In this type of situation, we can use length function as shown in the below examples.Examplex11])Output[1] 9 Examplex25])Output[1] 93Examplex35])Output[1] 42Examplex40])Output[1] 108Examplex51])Output[1] 107Examplex65])Output[1] 31Examplex71])Output[1] 21Examplex84])Output[1] 19Examplex9118])Output[1] 11Examplex105000])Output[1] 68
Read MoreProgram to find all prime factors of a given number in sorted order in Python
Suppose we have a number n greater than 1, we have to find all of its prime factors and return them in sorted sequence. We can write out a number as a product of prime numbers, they are its prime factors. And the same prime factor may occur more than once.So, if the input is like 42, then the output will be [2, 3, 7].To solve this, we will follow these steps −res:= a new listwhile n mod 2 is same as 0, doinsert 2 at the end of resn := quotient of n/2for i in range 3 to (square ...
Read MoreHow to pass reference parameters PHP?
In PHP, use &$ in function parameter to pass reference parameters.ExampleThe PHP code is as follows OutputThis will produce the following output The actual value is=900 The modified value is=1000
Read MoreHow to perform homogeneity of variance test for two-way anova in R?
In general, we can say that the homogeneity of variance test is the type of test that compares the variance of two or more variables and finds the significant difference between or among them if exists. For a two-way anova, one of the most commonly used homogeneity of variance test is Levene’s Test and it can be easily done with the help of leveneTest function of car package in base R.Consider the below data frame −Exampleset.seed(151) x1F) group 6 0.6593 0.6835 13
Read MoreDetect Voter Fraud in Python
Suppose we have a list of votes, where each element in the list has two elements [c_id, v_id], the c_id is the candidate id and v_id is the voter id. We have to check whether any voter has voted more than once or not.So, if the input is like [[5, 1], [5, 0], [5, 4], [5, 3], [5, 0]], then the output will be True as [5, 0] is present twiceTo solve this, we will follow these steps −make a new set named allfor each vote in votes, doinsert (vote[1]) into allreturn true when size of all is not same ...
Read MoreProgram to check if the given list has Pythagorean Triplets or not in Python
Suppose we have a list of numbers called nums, we have to check whether there exist three numbers a, b, and c such that a^2 + b^2 = c^2.So, if the input is like [10, 2, 8, 5, 6], then the output will be True, as 8^2 + 6^2 = 64+36 = 100 = 10^2.To solve this, we will follow these steps −tmp := list of square of all numbers in nums in descending orderfor each index i and corresponding number n in tmp, dobase := nleft := i+1, right := size of tmp -1while left base, thenleft := ...
Read MoreHow to count the number of occurrences of all unique values in an R data frame?
A data frame in R can have infinite number of unique values and it can also contain many repeated values. Therefore, finding the number of all unique values in the data frame can help us to understand the diversity in the data but this most done in situations where we expect to have repeated elements otherwise it would not make sense. To count the number of occurrences of all unique values, we can use table function along with the unlist as shown in the below examples.Consider the below data frame −Examplex1
Read MoreProgram to check two rectangular overlaps or not in Python
Suppose we have a rectangle that is represented as a list with four elements [x1, y1, x2, y2], where (x1, y1) is the coordinates of its bottom-left corner, and (x2, y2) is the coordinates of its top-right corner. Two rectangles overlap when the area of their intersection is positive. So, two rectangles that only touch at the corner or edges do not overlap.So, if the input is like R1 = [0,0,2,2], R2 = [1,1,3,3], then the output will be True.To solve this, we will follow these steps −if R1[0]>=R2[2] or R1[2]=R2[2]) or (R1[2]
Read MorePHP preg_split with hyphen?
Use preg_split() in PHP and split with hyphen. Let’s say the following is our input value with numbers and string separated with hyphen $values ="ABC-DEF IJKL-3553435-8990987876";We want the output to beArray ( [0] => ABC-DEF IJKL [1] => 3553435 [2] => 8990987876 )ExampleThe PHP code is as follows OutputThis will produce the following output Array ( [0] => ABC-DEF IJKL [1] => 3553435 [2] => 8990987876 )
Read MoreHow to generate Bernoulli random variable in R?
Each value in Bernoulli random variable represents success or a failure for a single trial that makes it different from Binomial random variable because a Binomial random variable represents number of success or failure for a number of trials. To generate a Bernoulli random variable, we can use rbinom function but we need to pass 1 for size argument.Examplerbinom(120,1,0.71)Output[1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 [38] 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 [75] 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 [112] 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1Examplerbinom(120,1,0.1)Output[1] 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 [38] 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [75] 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [112] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Examplerbinom(120,1,0.91)Output[1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [38] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [75] 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [112] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Examplerbinom(120,1,0.999)Output[1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [38] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [75] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [112] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Examplerbinom(120,1,0.099)Output[1] 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [38] 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [75] 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 [112] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Examplerbinom(200,1,0.50)Output[1] 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 [38] 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 [75] 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 [112] 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 [149] 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 [186] 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1Examplerbinom(200,1,0.51)Output[1] 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 [38] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 [75] 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 [112] 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 [149] 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [186] 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0Examplerbinom(200,1,0.75)Output[1] 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 [38] 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 [75] 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 [112] 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 [149] 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 [186] 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1Examplerbinom(200,1,0.89)Output[1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 [38] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 [75] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 [112] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 [149] 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [186] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Examplerbinom(200,1,0.05)Output[1] 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [38] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [75] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [112] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [149] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 [186] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Examplerbinom(200,1,0.15)Output[1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 [38] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [75] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [112] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 [149] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 [186] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Examplerbinom(200,1,0.20)Output[1] 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [38] 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 [75] 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [112] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 [149] 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 [186] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0Examplerbinom(200,1,0.25)Output[1] 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 [38] 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [75] 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 [112] 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 [149] 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 [186] 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1Examplerbinom(200,1,0.35)Output[1] 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 [38] 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 [75] 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 [112] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 [149] 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 [186] 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
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