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Internet Articles
Page 52 of 88
Deep Web: The Dark Side of Internet
The deep web refers to all parts of the internet that are not indexed by standard search engines like Google, Bing, or Yahoo. This includes password-protected sites, private databases, email inboxes, and internal company pages. The dark web is a small subset of the deep web that requires special software like Tor to access and is intentionally hidden from conventional browsers. While often confused, these terms represent different concepts. The deep web is largely legitimate content that simply isn't publicly searchable, whereas the dark web specifically refers to encrypted networks designed for anonymity. Layers ...
Read MoreWhy does Youtube use TCP not UDP?
YouTube, the world's largest video streaming platform, uses TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) instead of UDP (User Datagram Protocol) for delivering video content to ensure reliable, high-quality streaming experiences for billions of users worldwide. While both protocols have their strengths, YouTube's choice of TCP is driven by specific requirements for video-on-demand services where data integrity and complete delivery take priority over minimal latency. TCP vs UDP for Video Streaming Feature TCP UDP Reliability Guaranteed delivery with error correction No delivery guarantee Connection Connection-oriented (3-way handshake) Connectionless Data ...
Read MoreVegas A (Modified TCP-Vegas)
TCP Vegas A (Modified TCP-Vegas) is an adaptive congestion avoidance algorithm that detects network congestion based on Round Trip Time (RTT) measurements rather than packet loss. The "A" stands for "Adaptive, " emphasizing its ability to dynamically adjust to network conditions. Developed by Larry Peterson and Lawrence Brakmo in 1994, TCP Vegas focuses on preventing congestion proactively by monitoring packet delays. Unlike traditional TCP variants that react to packet loss, TCP Vegas maintains smaller congestion windows during transmission to achieve better throughput with fewer packet losses. It relies on accurate calculation of the Base RTT to distinguish between network ...
Read MoreWhat is Tor Browser?
In today's digital age, privacy and security have become major concerns for internet users. While the web has made life more convenient and efficient, it has also made our personal data vulnerable to cybercriminals, government surveillance, and other prying eyes. This is where the Tor Browser comes into play. Tor, short for "The Onion Router, " is a free and open-source web browser that allows users to browse the internet anonymously and securely. It directs internet traffic through a network of volunteer-operated servers worldwide, making it difficult for anyone to trace online activity back to the user's device. ...
Read MoreWifi protected access (WPA)
WiFi Protected Access (WPA) is a security protocol designed to protect wireless networks from unauthorized access. Introduced in 2003, WPA was created to replace the vulnerable Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) standard, which had significant security flaws that made it easily exploitable by attackers. WPA provided a crucial stepping stone in wireless security, offering stronger encryption and improved authentication mechanisms while the more comprehensive IEEE 802.11i standard was being finalized. Background and Development In the early 2000s, researchers discovered critical vulnerabilities in WEP that allowed attackers to crack the encryption in under a minute using techniques like the ...
Read MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Static IP
In computer networking, IP addresses serve as unique identifiers that enable devices to communicate within a network. When configuring network infrastructure, administrators must choose between static and dynamic IP addressing schemes. A static IP address is a fixed address manually assigned to a device that remains constant over time, unlike dynamic addresses that change automatically. Static IP addressing offers specific benefits for certain network scenarios, particularly for servers and enterprise environments. However, it also presents challenges in terms of management overhead and security considerations that organizations must carefully evaluate. Static vs Dynamic IP Address ...
Read MoreCisco Discovery Protocol(CDP) and Link Layer Dicovery Protocol(LLDP) in Data Link
The Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) and Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) are Layer 2 discovery protocols that enable network devices to share information about themselves with directly connected neighbors. These protocols are essential for network management, troubleshooting, and topology discovery. CDP is a proprietary Cisco protocol, while LLDP is an open IEEE 802.1AB standard that works across multiple vendors. Both protocols operate at the data link layer and help administrators understand network topology without requiring higher-layer protocols. How Discovery Protocols Work Discovery protocols send periodic advertisements containing device information to directly connected neighbors. These messages are transmitted ...
Read MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Hub
A hub is a basic networking device used to connect multiple devices in a network. It operates at the physical layer of the OSI model and functions as a multiport repeater, receiving data from one device and broadcasting it to all connected ports. Hubs use fiber optic or twisted pair cables and work in half-duplex mode, meaning data can only flow in one direction at a time. Hub Network Topology HUB PC1 PC2 PC3 ...
Read MoreRisk Associated with public Wi-Fi
Public Wi-Fi networks provide convenient internet access in airports, restaurants, libraries, and other public spaces. However, these open networks pose significant security risks that users must understand to protect their devices and personal data from cyber attacks. While modern public Wi-Fi has implemented some security measures, it remains inherently less secure than private networks due to its shared nature and open access model. Public Wi-Fi Security Risks Your Device (Vulnerable) Public Wi-Fi (Unsecured) ...
Read MoreDifference between Bridge and Repeater
Bridges and repeaters are fundamental networking devices used to extend network range, but they operate at different layers and serve distinct purposes. A bridge connects multiple LANs to create a larger network while performing intelligent traffic filtering, whereas a repeater simply amplifies and regenerates signals to overcome distance limitations. Bridge vs Repeater Operation BRIDGE Data Link Layer (Layer 2) LAN A LAN B ...
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