CDSL stands for Central Depository Services India Ltd and NSDL stands for National Securities Depository Ltd. Depository refers to an organization which holds the stocks of investors and shareholders. NSDL and CDSL are the two apex depositories in India. Just like banks take care of cash and deposits, they hold bonds, stocks etc for the shareholders in electronic form.Functioning of CDSL and NSDLWe need not send share certificates physically for transfers like in the old days, the NSDL and CDSL help to convert and hold shares in the Demat form. Since their establishment, we received huge contributions from both these ... Read More

Earth rotates around its own axis which is tilted at 23.5 degrees, from the plane of its orbit around the sun, in the eastward direction. It takes almost 24 hours to complete one rotation. The Earth rotates at a speed of 460 m/s, that is approximately 1650 km/hr at the equator. The angular velocity of the Earth decreases as we keep moving toward the poles.The Earth's rotational speed is slowing down with time. According to atomic clocks, the present day is 1.7 milliseconds slower than a century ago. It is not a big issue as it will take more than ... Read More

Charminar is a monument which was constructed in 1591, in Hyderabad, India. The literal translation of Charminar in English is 4 pillars. It is located on the east bank of the Musi River and is listed among the most recognized structures of India. There are many theories regarding the reason for the construction of Charminar but the commonly accepted theory is that it was built to celebrate the elimination of the Plague, which was widespread at that time.Charminar was built by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the fifth ruler of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. After shifting his capital from Golkonda to ... Read More

The fishes that can survive without water for a good amount of time are known as amphibious fishes. Convergent evolution plays an important role in these species, as the next generation species receives analogous structures that have similar function but were not present in the last generation.Many fishes are amphibious, which means they can naturally survive out of the water. These fishes have developed limbs or use lateral undulation (that is, wave-like movement patterns that act to propel an animal forward) for terrestrial locomotion. They leave water bodies for many reasons like escaping predators, low oxygen environments etc.Ancient fish had ... Read More

A rocket can be an aircraft, spacecraft or a missile which is propelled by a rocket engine. A rocket engine works on the principle of Newton's Third law, that is, for every action, there is an equivalent and opposite reaction. Rocket propellant is the fuel which burns and produces thrust to propel the rocket.The propellants are usually fueled together with the oxidants. Oxidants are required to burn the fuel efficiently. Thus the chemical reaction in the combustion chamber produces the required energy for thrust.The propellant is burnt in a controlled manner in the combustion chamber of the rocket engine and ... Read More

Neptune is the coldest planet in the solar system as Pluto has been excluded as it was regarded as a dwarf planet. It is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun. It has 17 times the mass of Earth and is the fourth largest planet in the solar system. It takes 164.8 years for Neptune to finish one revolution around the sun and the elliptical orbit of Neptune is inclined 1.77° compared to that of Earth.Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft that visited Neptune. It analyzed Neptune's rotation, tilt, weather conditions and also its moons and ring systems.Physical ... Read More

Robonaut is a NASA robot, which is designed as a humanoid. The artificial intelligence makes it easier for Robonaut to do the same jobs as a human. Robonaut could help with anything from working on the International Space Station to exploring other worlds. The core idea behind the Robonaut series is to have a humanoid machine work alongside astronauts. Its form factor and dexterity are designed such that Robonaut can use space tools and work in similar environments suited to astronauts.These new space explorers won’t need space suits or oxygen to survive outside of the spacecraft. Thus they might help ... Read More

Both scramjet and Ramjet are types of jet engines. A ramjet is an air breathing jet engine which is usually associated with supersonic transport. Ramjets can start at supersonic speeds only, so as a result they cannot be started at zero velocity and cannot produce thrust as there is a lack of airspeed.Hence assisted take off flights or rockets are needed to or accelerate it to a supersonic speed from which it starts producing thrust. This makes ramjet engine to be efficient only at supersonic speeds as it can accelerate to speeds of about Mach 6. Ramjet has revolutionized Rocket ... Read More

The elected head of the government of the states in India is called as the Chief Minister of that particular state or union territory. The governor appoints the Chief Minister following elections to the state legislative assembly. The party with the majority of votes will elect their leader, the candidate for Chief Minister, who is invited by the governor to swear in as Chief Minister of State. The Chief Minister's term lasts for typically for 5 years, or until next General Elections. However, there is no limit for the number of terms he can serve.To be eligible for the post ... Read More

A turbojet engine is used in Aircraft. These are air-breathing engines which suck in air from the atmosphere for combustion. It has various components like inlet, compressor, combustion chamber, turbines, and nozzle. Air is drawn into the turbojet engine, compressed, mixed with fuel, and burned continuously.The exhaust product of this burning operates the turbine for the compressor, producing thrust which propels the aircraft. Turboprops are used in smaller and slow-paced air crafts as turbojets are not efficient at low speeds whereas turbofans have better specific fuel consumption than the turbojet. These engines are generally installed below the wings or near ... Read More