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Digital Electronics Articles
Page 33 of 46
Diesel Power Plant – Operation, Advantages and Disadvantages
An electric power generating station in which the chemical energy of diesel is converted into electrical energy is known as diesel power plant. In other words, the diesel power plant is a power generating plant in which diesel engine is used as the prime mover for the generation of electrical energy.Schematic Diagram and Working of Diesel Power PlantThe schematic arrangement of a typical diesel power plant is shown in the figure given below.In a diesel power plant, the diesel engine is used as the prime mover to drive an alternator. The diesel (fuel oil) burns inside the engine and the ...
Read MoreWhat are the components of a typical Thermal Power Plant?
Thermal Power PlantA generating station which converts the heat energy of combustion of coal into electrical energy is called a thermal power plant or steam power station.Schematic Arrangement of Thermal Power PlantThe thermal power plant has many arrangements for proper and efficient working. The schematic of a modern thermal power plant is shown in the figure. This whole schematic arrangement can be divided into the following segments −Coal and Ash Handling PlantThe coal is transported to the site of power plant from the coal mines by rail or road and it is stored in the coal storage plant. From the ...
Read MoreHow to create a Cucumber project template using Maven in Eclipse?
We can create a Cucumber project template using Maven. This can be done by following the below steps −Step1− Click on the File menu in Eclipse. Then select the option New. Next click on Other.Step2− Click on Maven Project from the Maven folder. Then click on Next.Step3− Proceed with the further steps.Step4− Select maven-archetype-quickstart template. Then click on Next.Step5− Add GroupId as Automation, Artifact Id as Cucumber, and proceed.Step6− A project should get created with a Cucumber-type project structure. The Cucumber-related scripts should be written within the src/test/java folder.
Read MoreUnits and Significance of Synchronizing Power Coefficient
Units of Synchronizing Power Coefficient (𝑷𝐬𝐲𝐧)Generally, the synchronizing power coefficient is expressed in Watts per electrical radian, i.e., $$\mathrm{𝑃_{syn} =\frac{𝑉 𝐸_{𝑓}}{𝑋_{𝑠}}cos\:𝛿 \:\:Watts/electrical\:radian …(1)}$$$$\mathrm{∵ \:𝜋\:radians = 180\:degrees}$$$$\mathrm{\Rightarrow\:1\:radian =\frac{180}{𝜋}\:degrees}$$$$\mathrm{∵ \:𝑃_{syn}=\frac{𝑑𝑃}{𝑑𝛿}\:\:Watts/ \left(\frac{180}{𝜋}\:degrees \right)}$$$$\mathrm{\Rightarrow\:𝑃_{syn}=\left( \frac{𝑑𝑃}{𝑑𝛿}\right)\left(\frac{𝜋}{180}\right)\:\:Watt/electrical\:degree …(2)}$$If p is the total number of pole pairs in the machine, then$$\mathrm{𝜃_{electrical} = 𝑝 \cdot 𝜃_{mechanical}}$$Therefore, the synchronizing power coefficient per mechanical radian is given by, $$\mathrm{𝑃_{syn} = 𝑝 \cdot\left( \frac{𝑑𝑃}{𝑑𝛿}\right)\:\:Watts/mech. radian …(3)}$$And, the synchronizing power coefficient per mechanical degree is given by, $$\mathrm{𝑃_{syn} =\left( \frac{𝑑𝑃}{𝑑𝛿}\right)\left(\frac{𝑝\:𝜋}{180}\right)\:Watts/mech.degree …(4)}$$Significance of Synchronizing Power CoefficientThe synchronizing power coefficient ($𝑃_{syn}$) is the measure of the stiffness of the electromagnetic coupling between the stator ...
Read MorePitch Factor, Distribution Factor, and Winding Factor for Harmonic Waveforms
When the flux density distribution in the alternator is non-sinusoidal, the induced voltage in the winding will also be non-sinusoidal. Thus, the pitch factor or coil span factor, distribution factor and winding factor will be different for each harmonic voltage.Pitch Factor for nth HarmonicAs the electrical angle is directly proportional to the number of poles and the angle between the adjacent slots, i.e., $$\mathrm{𝜃_{𝑒} =\frac{𝑃}{2}𝜃_{𝑚} … (1)}$$The chording angle increases with an increase in the order of the harmonics (n). In a short pitch coil, the chording angle is α° (electrical) for the fundamental flux wave. For the nth harmonic, ...
Read MoreRotating Magnetic Field Produced by Two-Phase Supply
A 1-phase supply produces a pulsating magnetic field which does not rotate in the space. Therefore, a 1-phase supply cannot produce rotation in a stationary rotor. Although, like a 3-phase supply, the 2-phase supply can also produce a rotating magnetic field of constant magnitude. Therefore, all the single-phase induction motors, except shaded pole induction motor, are started as 2-phase motor. Once so started, the motor will continue to run on the 1-phase supply.How does a 2-Phase Supply Produce Rotating Magnetic Field of Constant Magnitude?Consider a 2-phase, 2 pole motor, where the phases A and B are fed by a balanced ...
Read MoreElectric Power and Efficiency of Electric Device
Power or Electric PowerThe rate at which work is done in an electric circuit is called as electric power. In other word, the work done per unit time is termed as electric power. It is denoted p or P.Formula and Unit of PowerWhen voltage is applied across a resistor, it causes current to flow through it. Therefore, work is being done in moving the electrons through the resistor in a unit time is called the electric power.Referring the above figure, $$\mathrm{V=\frac{work}{Q}}$$$$\mathrm{\Rightarrow work(W)=VQ=VIt}$$As, the power is defined as work done per unit time i.e.$$\mathrm{Power(P)=\frac{work\:done\:in\:electric\:circuit(W)}{Time(t)}=\frac{VIt}{t}}$$$$\mathrm{(∵V=IR\:or\:I=\frac{V}{R})}$$$$\mathrm{∴P=VI=I^2R=\frac{V^2}{R}}$$The above three formulae are equally valid for ...
Read MoreNode.js – util.promisify() Method
The util.promisify() method basically takes a function as an input that follows the common Node.js callback style, i.e., with a (err, value) and returns a version of the same that returns a promise instead of a callback.Syntaxutil.promisify(original)ParametersIt takes only one parameter −original −This parameter takes an input for the function and returns them as a promise.Example 1Create a file with the name "promisify.js" and copy the following code snippet. After creating the file, use the command "node promisify.js" to run this code.// util.promisify() Demo example // Importing the fs and util modules const fs = require('fs'); const util = ...
Read MoreWhat is Leakage Flux and Fringing in Magnetic Circuits?
Magnetic Leakage or Leakage FluxThe part of magnetic flux that does not follow the desired path in a magnetic circuit is known as leakage flux.In most of practical magnetic circuits, the path of a large part of the magnetic flux is through iron part of the magnetic circuit and the rest part of magnetic flux flows through air. The magnetic flux in the air gap is known as useful flux $(\varphi_{g})$ since it can be used for various useful purposes.Consider a magnetic circuit having an iron core with a coil wound on it and having a narrow air gap. The ...
Read MoreWhat is a Singly-Excited System? How to Calculate its Electromagnetic Torque?
A singly-excited system is type of excitation system used in electromechanical energy conversion which requires only one coil to produce the magnetic field. In the singly-excited system, there is only one set of electrical input terminals and one set of mechanical output terminals. The examples of singly-excited system are electromagnetic relay, hysteresis motor, solenoid valve etc.In a singly excited system, a coil is wound around a magnetic core and is connected to a voltage source so that it produces a magnetic field. Due to this magnetic field, the rotor which is made up of ferromagnetic material, experiences a torque urging ...
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