A cardiac abnormality known as double-outlet right ventricle is present from birth. It is therefore a congenital cardiac defect. The lung artery and the body's major artery aren't connected to the heart's typical locations with this illness. The aorta is the name of the body's main artery. The term "pulmonary artery" refers to the lung artery. Occasionally the normal directions of these blood arteries are reversed. The aorta joins the left bottom heart chamber in a normal heart. The pulmonary artery connects to the right lower heart chamber. Both the aorta and the pulmonary artery are partially or entirely connected ... Read More

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a medical condition occurring in patients with diabetes mellitus affecting the retinal layer of the eyes due to the microangiopathy caused by long-standing diabetes. Longer duration of diabetes, poor control of sugar levels, older age group people, hypertension, and smoking increase the risk of developing this condition. Diabetic retinopathy initially presents with no symptoms. Later the patients present with progressive gradual loss of vision not associated with pain, moving of worm-like structures in front of the eyes(floaters) can be complained in patients with severe cases due to the detachment of the retina. The condition mainly ... Read More

Deep vein thrombosis is a medical condition in which there is a blood clot that is thrombus formation in one or more of the deep veins in the body, usually in the legs. Deep vein thrombosis may not present with any symptoms however in some patients can cause pain in the leg or swelling. Deep vein thrombosis is a serious condition because blood clots in the veins can break loose, travel through the bloodstream, and obstruct the lungs, blocking blood flow. The cause of deep vein thrombosis is explained by the Virchow triad. The patient with deep vein thrombosis ... Read More

Stem cell transplant and bone marrow transplant are two forms of transplantation used to treat various blood and immune disorders. Although these two procedures have some similarities, there are also some significant differences. In this essay, we will discuss the difference between stem cell transplant and bone marrow transplant. What is Stem Cell Transplant? This is when stem cells that are obtained from the bloodstream or umbilical cord of a donor are used for transplant into a patient. Umbilical cord blood stem cells are only used for transplant into children since there are not enough cells present to be of ... Read More

Staging and grading are two essential processes that are carried out during the diagnosis of cancer. These processes are used to determine the severity and extent of cancer, which helps in the development of an appropriate treatment plan. Although staging and grading may sound similar, they are two distinct processes that provide different types of information. This essay will provide an in-depth analysis of the difference between staging and grading. What is Staging? Staging is the process of determining the extent of cancer in the body. It involves assessing the size of the tumor, whether it has spread to nearby ... Read More

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and depression are both mental health disorders that can affect a person's mood, energy levels, and overall well-being. However, there are significant differences between the two, particularly in their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. What is Seasonal Affective Disorder? Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that typically occurs during the fall and winter months when there is less daylight. This disorder affects around 5% of the population, and it is more common in women than in men. The exact cause of SAD is not yet known, but it is believed to be linked ... Read More

Esophageal spasms are uncomfortable muscle contractions in the muscular tube that connects your mouth to your stomach. The esophagus is the name of this tube. Esophageal spasms might mimic a brief period of intense, persistent chest discomfort that lasts for hours. Some individuals could confuse it for angina, which is a type of heart discomfort. Esophageal spasms normally happen infrequently and may not require medical attention. Yet, on occasion, the spasms are frequent and might obstruct the passage of food and drinks via the esophagus. There are therapies available if your ability to eat or drink is hampered by esophageal ... Read More

An uncommon kind of cancer called epithelioid sarcoma begins as an expansion of cells in soft tissue. On the body, it may happen everywhere. The finger, hand, forearm, knee, or lower leg are common places where it begins under the skin. A nodule, also known as a tiny, solid growth or bump under the skin, may develop as a result of epithelioid sarcoma. Frequently, it doesn't hurt. One growth or more growths might exist. On occasion, the growths lead to skin sores that do not heal. Teenagers and young adults are frequently affected by epithelioid sarcoma. Yet it can also ... Read More

Little, noncancerous pimples beneath the skin are called epidermoid cysts. While they can occur anywhere on the skin, the face, neck, and trunk exhibit them the most frequently. Epidermoid cysts seldom create issues or require treatment because of their gradual growth and frequent lack of discomfort. If a cyst concerns you due to its appearance or if it is painful, burst, or infectious, you may decide to have a doctor remove it. While they are distinct, epidermoid cysts are frequently confused with sebaceous cysts. Less frequently occur true sebaceous cysts. They come from the glands that release the lubricating oil ... Read More

Esophagitis with eosinophilia is a persistent immune system condition. Eosinophils, a kind of white blood cell, accumulate in the lining of the tube that links your mouth to your stomach when you have this condition. The esophagus is another name for this tube. This accumulation, which is a response to meals, allergies, or acid reflux, can inflame or damage the esophagus tissue. Either swallowing becomes difficult or food becomes lodged due to damaged esophageal tissue. While eosinophilic esophagitis has only been recognized since the early 1990s, it is now recognized as a significant cause of digestive system disease. The diagnosis ... Read More