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Computer Network Articles
Page 48 of 122
What is Fibre Optic Cable?
A fibre optic cable is a high-speed data transmission medium made of glass or plastic that transmits information using light signals. Unlike traditional copper cables that use electrical signals, fibre optic cables use light pulses to carry data at incredible speeds over long distances with minimal signal loss. Structure of Fibre Optic Cable Core (Glass) Cladding Protective Jacket Light Ray Path Light travels through the core, reflected by the cladding layer ...
Read MoreDifference between Twisted Pair Cable, Co-axial Cable and Optical Fibre Cable
In the field of computer networking, wired communication remains one of the most efficient and reliable methods for data transmission. Three primary types of cables dominate the networking landscape: twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and optical fiber cables. Each cable type has distinct characteristics that make it suitable for specific applications and environments. What is a Twisted Pair Cable? A twisted pair cable consists of two insulated copper wires twisted together in a helical pattern. This twisting technique is fundamental to reducing electromagnetic interference and crosstalk between adjacent wire pairs. When external noise affects the cable, it impacts ...
Read MoreWhat is Unguided (Wireless) Media?
Unguided (Wireless) Media refers to transmission media where electromagnetic signals propagate through the air or free space without requiring a physical conductor. These signals travel as electromagnetic waves and are commonly used in wireless communication systems like radio, television, cellular networks, and satellite communications. Unlike guided media (cables), unguided media allows signals to radiate in all directions from the transmitting antenna, enabling communication over large distances and with mobile devices. Electromagnetic Spectrum for Wireless Communication Radio 3 KHz - 300 GHz Microwave ...
Read MoreWhat is Radiowave Transmission?
Radio waves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 10 kHz and 1 GHz, occupying the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum known as radiofrequency (RF). These waves form the foundation of wireless communication systems worldwide. Radio waves are omnidirectional, meaning they propagate in all directions from the transmitting antenna. This characteristic eliminates the need for precise alignment between sending and receiving antennas, making radio communication flexible and practical for mobile applications. Radio Wave Transmission Antenna ...
Read MoreWhat is Microwaves Transmission?
The electromagnetic waves having frequencies between 1 and 300 GHz are known as microwaves. Microwave systems use very high-frequency radio signals to transmit data through space wirelessly. The transmitter and receiver of a microwave system must be mounted on very high towers with a clear line-of-sight between them, as microwave signals cannot bend around obstacles. Microwave Transmission System Transmitter Tower Receiver Tower Microwave Signal (1-300 GHz) ...
Read MoreExplain the types of Microwave Transmission?
Microwave transmission uses electromagnetic frequencies in the lower gigahertz range, which are higher than radio frequencies and provide better throughput and performance. This transmission technology can be classified into two main types: Terrestrial and Satellite microwave systems. Types of Microwave Transmission Terrestrial Ground-based Point-to-point Line of sight Satellite Space-based relay Wide coverage Long distance Both use microwave frequencies (1-100 GHz range) Terrestrial Microwave Transmission Terrestrial microwave systems ...
Read MoreWhat is the effect of errors in Error Detection?
In data communication, errors during transmission can significantly impact the quality and reliability of communication systems. Understanding the effects of these errors is crucial for designing robust error detection mechanisms. Primary Effects of Transmission Errors Signal Attenuation Attenuation occurs when the signal strength weakens during transmission, causing data loss or corruption. In extreme cases, the signal may become too weak to be properly decoded at the receiving end, resulting in complete data loss. Signal Attenuation Effect Transmitter Receiver ...
Read MoreWhat is Error Correction?
Error correction is a method used in data communication to automatically detect and fix errors at the receiver end without requiring retransmission. Unlike error detection which only identifies errors, error correction enables the receiver to restore the original data by using redundant bits added to the transmitted message. In error correction, each k-bit block of data is combined with redundant bits to create an n-bit codeword (where n > k). A Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoder adds these redundant bits at the transmission end, and the complete codeword is transmitted over the communication channel. ...
Read MoreWhat are Synchronous Protocols?
Synchronous protocols are data communication protocols that maintain a constant timing relationship between the sender and receiver during data transmission. These protocols divide the data stream into fixed-size frames or blocks and use synchronized clocks to ensure accurate data transfer. In synchronous communication, both the transmitter and receiver operate on the same clock frequency, enabling continuous data flow without start and stop bits for each character. This approach is primarily used for high-speed data transmission over long distances where large amounts of data need to be transferred efficiently. Synchronous Data Transmission ...
Read MoreExplain the HDLC Operational and Non-Operational Modes
A mode in HDLC defines the relationship between two machines in a network and describes who controls the link. HDLC determines three types of stations: primary, secondary, and combined. A primary station is the controlling station on a connection. It controls the secondary stations and handles data flow and error recovery. A secondary station exists on a connection where there is a primary station. The secondary station is controlled by the primary station and has no explicit authority for maintaining the connection. A combined station combines the functions of both primary and secondary stations, operating as an ...
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