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Apps/Applications Articles
Page 32 of 148
The Bluetooth Frame Structure
The Bluetooth network technology connects mobile devices wirelessly using short-wavelength, ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio waves over a short range to form a personal area network (PAN). Data is transferred between the Bluetooth devices as data frames. Two basic frame formats are defined, for transmitting data at basic data rate and for transmitting data at enhanced data rate.Bluetooth Frame Format with Basic Data RateA Bluetooth frame with basic rate has three parts, access code, header and data as shown in the following diagram−The various fields are−Access Code− A 72-bit field containing synchronization bits to identify the master.Header− A 54-bit field containing ...
Read MoreAsynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) Link
Bluetooth link layers define two types of data links, Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) Link, being one of them. It is the type of link used for transmission of general data packets using Bluetooth connection. ACL is a point – to – multipoint link used for irregular traffic between a master device and one or more slave devices.Features of Bluetooth ACL linksACL is a packet oriented link, i.e. the link establishes a packet – switched network.ACL is used for transmission of data traffic which are delivered at irregular intervals, where maintaining data integrity is more important than the time latency.Both symmetric and ...
Read MoreSynchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO) Link
Bluetooth link layers define two types of data links, Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) link, being one of them. SCO is a symmetric, point-to-point link between the master device and the slave device connected via Bluetooth.Features of Bluetooth SCO linksIn SCO, a dedicated, point-to-point link is established between the master device and the slave device before communication starts.SCO is a symmetric link, i.e. fixed slots are allocated for each direction.Since fixed slots are reserved, SCO provides a circuit switched connection.SCO radio links are used for time critical data transfer, particularly for voice data.Both the master and the slave device transmit encoded ...
Read MoreDifference between ACL and SCO Link in Bluetooth
Two types of data links are defined by Bluetooth link layers−Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) LinkAsynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) LinkSCO is a symmetric, point-to-point link between the master device and the slave device connected via Bluetooth.ACL is a point – to – multipoint link for transmitting general data packets using Bluetooth connection. ACL is used for irregular traffic between a master device and one or more slave devices.Differences between SCO and ACLSCOACL1SCO provides a circuit switched connection, where a dedicated, point-to-point link is established between the master device and the slave device before communication starts.ACL is a packet oriented link, i.e. the ...
Read MoreThe Bluetooth Link Layers
The Bluetooth link layer outlines the way Bluetooth devices can use the raw transmission facility given by the radio layer to exchange information. The functions of the link layer is very close to MAC (medium access control) sublayer of the OSI model.The following diagram shows the position of link layers in the Bluetooth protocol architecture −Functions of the Bluetooth Link LayerDefining procedures for discovering Bluetooth devices.Establishing logical links between the Bluetooth devices that are communicating. One of the devices is assigned as master and the other is the slave.Broadcasting data to be sent. Managing the links between the devices throughout ...
Read MoreHow to create pagination text in Android using Kotlin?
This example demonstrates how to create pagination text in Android using Kotlin.Step 1 − Create a new project in Android Studio, go to File ⇒ New Project and fill all required details to create a new project.Step 2 − Add the following code to res/layout/activity_main.xml. Step 3 − Add the following code to src/MainActivity.ktimport android.graphics.Color import android.graphics.Typeface import android.os.Bundle import android.text.Html import android.text.Spannable import android.text.SpannableString import android.text.TextUtils import android.text.style.ForegroundColorSpan import android.text.style.RelativeSizeSpan import android.text.style.StyleSpan import android.view.ViewTreeObserver import android.widget.Button import android.widget.TextView import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { lateinit var ...
Read MoreHow to bring an activity to the foreground i.e. top of stack using Kotlin?
This example demonstrates how to bring an activity to the foreground i.e. top of stack using Kotlin.Step 1 − Create a new project in Android Studio, go to File ⇒ New Project and fill all required details to create a new projectStep 2 − Add the following code to res/layout/activity_main.xml. Step 3 − Add the following code to src/MainActivity.ktimport android.content.Intent import android.os.Bundle import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) title = "KotlinApp" val i = Intent(this, NewActivity::class.java) ...
Read MoreHow to use search functionality in custom listview in Android using kotlin?
This example demonstrates how to use search functionality in custom listview in Android using kotlinStep 1 − Create a new project in Android Studio, go to File ⇒ New Project and fill all required details to create a new project.Step 2 − Add the following code to res/layout/activity_main.xml. Step 3 − Add the following code to src/MainActivity.ktimport android.os.Bundle import android.text.Editable import android.text.TextWatcher import android.widget.ArrayAdapter import android.widget.EditText import android.widget.ListView import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { lateinit var listView: ListView var months: ArrayList = ArrayList() var arrayAdapter: ArrayAdapter? = null lateinit var ...
Read MoreHow can we get the current language selected in the Android device using Kotlin?
This example demonstrates how to get the current language selected in the Android device using Kotlin.Step 1 − Create a new project in Android Studio, go to File ⇒ New Project and fill all required details to create a new project.Step 2 − Add the following code to res/layout/activity_main.xml. Step 3 − Add the following code to src/MainActivity.ktimport android.os.Bundle import android.widget.TextView import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity import java.util.* class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) title = "KotlinApp" val textView: ...
Read MoreHow to use the recyclerview with a database in Android using Kotlin?
This example demonstrates how to use the recyclerview with a database in Android using Kotlin.Step 1 − Create a new project in Android Studio, go to File ⇒ New Project and fill all required details to create a new project.Step 2 − Add the following code to res/layout/activity_main.xml. Step 3 − Add the following code to src/MainActivity.ktimport android.os.Bundle import android.text.TextUtils import android.view.LayoutInflater import android.view.View import android.widget.Button import android.widget.EditText import android.widget.Toast import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { private lateinit var dataBase: SqliteDatabase override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { ...
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