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Page 1261 of 2109
Counting Maximal Value Roots in Binary Tree in C++
Suppose we have a binary tree root; we have to count the number of nodes where its value is greater than or equal to the values of all of its descendants.So, if the input is likethen the output will be 4 as all nodes except 3, it meets the criteria.To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define a function dfs(), this will take node, if node is not null, then −return 0l := dfs(left of node)r := dfs(right of node)if val of node >= maximum of l and r, then −(increase ret by 1)x := maximum of val of ...
Read MoreLinked List Jumps in C++
Suppose we have a singly linked list node containing positive numbers. We have to find the same linked list where every node's next points to the node val nodes ahead. If we cannot find such node, next will be null.So, if the input is like [2, 3, 10, 5, 9], then the output will be [2, 3, 15, ]To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define an array vwhile node is not null, do −insert value of node into vnode := next of noderet = new list node with value 0temp = reti := 0while i < size of ...
Read MoreMinimum Bracket Addition in C++
Suppose we have a string s containing only '(' and ')', we have to find the minimum number of brackets that can be inserted to make the string balanced.So, if the input is like "(()))(", then the output will be 2 as "(()))(", this can be made balanced like "((()))()".To solve this, we will follow these steps −:= 0, cnt := 0for initialize i := 0, when i < size of s, update (increase i by 1), do −if s[i] is same as '(', then −(increase o by 1)Otherwiseif o is non-zero, then −(decrease o by 1)Otherwise(increase cnt by 1)return ...
Read MoreShortest Majority Substring in C++
Suppose we have a lowercase alphabet string s, we have to find the length of the shortest substring (minimum length is 2) such that some letter appears more than the other letters combined. If we cannot find any solution, then return -1.So, if the input is like "abbbcde", then the output will be 2, the substring "bb" has minimum length and this appears more than other letters.To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define a function ok(), this will take an array cnt, total := 0, maxVal := 0for each element it in cnt, dototal := total + itmaxVal ...
Read MoreWhere is an object stored if it is created inside a block in C++?
In this section we will discuss about where the variables and objects are stored in the memory when a C++ program is compiled. As we know, there are two parts of memory in which an object can be stored −Stack − All members that are declared inside block of memory, it stores inside the stack section. The main function is also a function, so elements inside it will be stored inside the stack.Heap − When some objects are allocated dynamically, then that is stored inside the heap section.The scope of the object declared inside a block or a function is ...
Read MoreHow to plot multiple time series using ggplot2 in R?
For a one point of time, we might have multiple time series data, this could be weather for multiple cities, price variation in multiple products, demand expectancy at different locations, or anything that changes with time and measured for multiple things or locations. If we have such type of time series data then we would be needing to plot that data in a single plot and it can be done with the help of geom_line function of ggplot2 package.ExampleConsider the below data frames −> x1 y1 df1 df1Output x1 y1 1 1 -0.1165387 2 2 -0.9084062 3 3 0.4696637 4 ...
Read MoreHow to change the background color of a plot created by using plot function in R?
To change the focus of a plot we can do multiple things and one such thing is changing the background of the plot. If the background color of a plot is different than white then obviously it will get attention of the readers because this is unusual as most of the times the plots have white backgrounds, hence if we want to attract readers on the plot then we might use this technique. It can be done by using par(bg= "color_name").ExampleCreating a simple histogram −> x hist(x)OutputExampleCreating histogram with different background colors −> par(bg="green") > hist(x)Output> par(bg="yellow") > hist(x)Outputpar(bg="blue") > ...
Read MoreHow to make a C++ class whose objects can only be dynamically allocated?
In this problem we will see how we can make one class for which we can only create objects through dynamic memory allocation, no direct object creation is permitted.The idea is simple. We have to create private destructor for that class. When the destructor is private, the compiler would produce a compiler error for non-dynamically allocated objects because compiler need to remove them from stack segment once they are not available for use. For dynamically allocated objects, the programmer is responsible for deleting object, but the compiler is not responsible for that, so it permits creating objects dynamically.For avoiding memory ...
Read MoreHow to represent X-axis label of a bar plot with greater than equal to or less than equal to sign using ggplot2 in R?
The values of the categorical variable can be represented by numbers, by characters, by a combination of numbers and characters, by special characters, by numerical signs or any other method. But when we create the bar plot, if the size of a label name is large then we might want to reduce it by representing it with a different word or character or sign that gives the same meaning and it can be done by using expression argument inside scale_x_discrete.ExampleConsider the below data frame −> x y df dfOutput x y 1 0 25 2 100 28 3 150 ...
Read MoreHow to display the legend of a bar plot in a colored box in R?
When we create a bar plot or any other plot with legend, the background of the legend is white but it can be changed to any color with the help of scales package. We can make changes in the legend of a plot using alpha in legend.background argument of theme function. This will help us to change the background color of the legend.Example> x y df dfOutput x y 1 0 25 2 100 28 3 150 32 4 200 25Creating a bar plot with legend −> library(ggplot2) > ggplot(df, aes(x, y, fill=x))+geom_bar(stat="identity")OutputChanging the background color of the legend ...
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