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R Programming Articles
Page 33 of 174
How to remove spaces at the end in string vectors in R?
Sometimes values in a string vector has an extra space at the end, this might happen while typing the values or due to some other manual errors. To remove spaces at the end in string vectors, we can use gsub function. For example, if we have a vector called x that contains string values with spaces at the end then the removal of values can be done by using the command gsub(" $","",x,perl=T)Examplex1
Read MoreHow to find the rate of return for a vector values in R?
To find the rate of return for a vector values, we can use the formula for rate of return. For example, if we have a vector called x then the rate of return can be calculated by using the syntax diff(x)/x[-length(x)]. The output will be in decimal form and if we want to convert it to percentage then the output needs to be multiplied with 100, we can also input the same within the formula as (diff(x)/x[-length(x)])*100.Examplex1
Read MoreHow to remove dot and number at the end of the string in an R vector?
To remove dot and number at the end of the string, we can use gsub function. It will search for the pattern of dot and number at the end of the string in the vector then removal of the pattern can be done by using double quotes without space. After that the vector will be passed as shown in the below examples.Example1x1
Read MoreHow to sort a large number of csv files in ascending order in R?
To sort a large number of csv files in ascending order, we can use mixedsort function from gtools package. For example, if we have a list of csv files that are randomly arranged in a vector called FILES then the files can be sorted in ascending order using the command mixedsort(sort(FILES))ExampleFiles1
Read MoreHow to truncate a string vector after a character in R?
The most difficult problem in data analysis is cleaning a dirty data. Most of the times the data is available in dirty form and one such dirtiness is a string vector having unnecessary values after a particular character. Therefore, to truncate a string vector after a character we can use str_split from stringr package along with the sapply function as shown in the below examples.library(stringr)Examplex1
Read MoreHow to create reverse of a number in R?
To create reverse of a number, we can use stri_reverse function of stringi package. For example, if we have a vector called x that contain some numbers then the reverse of these numbers will be generated by using the command stri_reverse(x). But the output will be in character form, if we want to have numeric values then as.numeric function can be used.library(stringi)Examplex1
Read MoreHow to create a random vector of integers with increasing values only in R?
To create a random vector of integers with increasing values, we can do random sampling with sample.int and for increasing values cummax function needs to be used. For example, to create a random vector of integers of size 5 up to values 5 starting from 1 can be done by using the command cummax(sample.int(5)).Examplex1
Read MoreHow to find the frequency vector elements that exists in another vector in R?
If a vector value exists in another vector then we might want to find the frequency/count for such values in the other vector. For example, if we have two vectors say x and y, and some of the values in y exists in x as well. Therefore, we can find the frequency of values in x for y values can be found by using the command colSums(outer(x,y,"==")).Examplex1
Read MoreHow to find the position of NA in an R vector?
When we have NA’s/missing values in an R vector then we want to replace those NA’s and for this purpose we might be needing the position of those values. These positions will be helpful especially in situations when we want to manually replace the missing values. The replacement can be done by using which function with is.na.Example1x1
Read MoreHow to remove column names from an R data frame?
There are situations when we might want to remove column names such as we want to manually replace the existing column names by new names or we simply don’t want to use them if we are very much familiar with the column characteristics. To remove the columns names we can simply set them to NULL as shown in the below examples.Example1Consider the below data frame −set.seed(357) x1
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