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Computer Network Articles
Page 47 of 122
What is ISDN in the Computer Network?
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is a digital telecommunications technology that enables the transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over traditional copper telephone lines. It bridges the connection between the Central Office's local loop and customer premises, utilizing existing wiring infrastructure without requiring new cabling. ISDN transforms the analog Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) into a fully digital service, providing end-to-end digital connectivity. The "Integrated Services" aspect refers to ISDN's ability to deliver multiple simultaneous connections, combining voice, data, video, and fax transmission over a single line. ISDN Network Architecture ...
Read MoreExplain the ISDN services and its structure.
The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a digital telecommunications standard that provides voice and data services over traditional phone lines. ISDN offers two primary service types that define the number and type of channels available for communication. Basic Rate Interface (BRI) BRI consists of 2B + D channels, which includes two Bearer channels of 64 kbps each for data transmission and one D channel of 16 kbps for signaling and control. The separate control channel enables out-of-band signaling, meaning call setup and management occur independently of the data channels. Primary Rate Interface (PRI) PRI provides ...
Read MoreWhat is Modem in Computer Network?
A modem (Modulation-Demodulation) is a crucial networking device that converts digital data signals into analog signals for transmission over analog communication lines, and vice versa. Modems bridge the gap between digital computers and analog telephone networks, enabling data communication over existing infrastructure. Modems can be installed within a computer in a compatible expansion slot or connected externally through serial ports. They serve as the interface between digital computing devices and analog transmission media. Types of Modems by Installation Internal Modems Internal modems are installed directly into a computer's expansion slot and do not require additional physical ...
Read MoreWhat are Network Connecting Devices?
Network connecting devices are essential hardware components that enable computers and other electronic devices to communicate and share resources like printers, files, and internet connections within a Local Area Network (LAN) or across different networks. These devices form the backbone of modern networking infrastructure, each serving specific functions in data transmission, routing, and protocol conversion. Let us examine the key network connecting devices and their roles. Network Interface Card (NIC) A Network Interface Card (NIC) is a hardware component that connects a computer to a network. The NIC is installed in an expansion slot within each computer ...
Read MoreWhat is Unipolar Encoding?
Unipolar encoding is a digital transmission scheme that uses only one polarity (positive or negative) to represent binary data. In this encoding method, one voltage level represents binary '1' and zero voltage represents binary '0'. The term "unipolar" refers to the use of a single polarity for signal transmission. Typically, a positive voltage pulse represents binary '1', while binary '0' is represented by zero voltage (no pulse). This makes unipolar encoding one of the simplest and most cost-effective digital encoding schemes. Unipolar Encoding Scheme Binary Data: ...
Read MoreWhat is Polar Encoding?
Polar encoding is a digital encoding scheme that uses two voltage levels — one positive and one negative — to represent binary data. Unlike unipolar encoding which uses only one polarity, polar encoding eliminates the DC component by using both positive and negative voltages, resulting in better signal transmission characteristics. In polar encoding, the average voltage is reduced to zero over time because positive and negative voltages cancel each other out. This makes it superior to unipolar schemes for long-distance communication as it reduces power consumption and improves signal integrity. Polar Encoding: Positive and ...
Read MoreWhat is Bipolar Encoding?
The bipolar encoding scheme defines three voltage levels: positive, negative, and zero. In bipolar encoding, zero voltage represents binary 0, while binary 1 is represented by alternating positive and negative voltages. The first 1 bit is represented by positive amplitude, the second 1 bit by negative voltage, the third 1 bit by positive amplitude, and so on. This alternation continues even when the 1 bits are not consecutive, ensuring a balanced signal without DC component. Bipolar Encoding Principle ...
Read MoreWhat is Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)?
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is a digital modulation technique that combines both Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) and Phase Shift Keying (PSK) to achieve higher data transmission rates. By varying both the amplitude and phase of a carrier signal, QAM can encode more bits per symbol than traditional modulation schemes. While Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is limited by the equipment's ability to distinguish small phase differences, QAM overcomes this limitation by using both amplitude and phase variations. This combination allows for maximum differentiation between signal units (bits, dibits, tribits), enabling higher spectral efficiency. How QAM Works QAM creates ...
Read MoreWhat is Twisted Pair Cable?
Twisted pair cable is a type of guided transmission media consisting of two insulated copper conductors twisted together in a helical pattern. The twisting reduces electromagnetic interference and crosstalk between adjacent wire pairs, making it one of the most widely used cables in networking. Each wire in the pair carries the same signal but with opposite polarity. The receiver detects the difference between the two signals, effectively canceling out any external noise that affects both wires equally. The number of twists per inch determines the cable's quality and noise immunity. Twisted Pair Cable Structure ...
Read MoreWhat is Co-axial Cable?
A coaxial cable is a type of electrical cable consisting of a central copper conductor surrounded by insulating material, which is then enclosed by a conductive shield and an outer insulating jacket. This design provides excellent signal transmission capabilities with minimal interference. Coaxial Cable Structure Outer PVC Jacket Copper Mesh Shield PVC Insulation ...
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