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The following are the escape characters in C# and the display column suggests how to use and print them in C# −Escape CharacterDescriptionPatternDisplay\aMatches a bell character, \u0007.\a"\u0007" in "Warning!" + '\u0007'\bIn a character class, matches a backspace, \u0008.[\b]{3, }"\b\b\b\b" in "\b\b\b\b"\tMatches a tab, \u0009.(\w+)\t"Name\t", "Addr\t" in "Name\tAddr\t"\rMatches a carriage return, \u000D. (\r is not equivalent to the newline character, .)\r(\w+)"\rHello" in "\r\HelloWorld."\vMatches a vertical tab, \u000B.[\v]{2, }"\v\v\v" in "\v\v\v"\fMatches a form feed, \u000C.[\f]{2, }"\f\f\f" in "\f\f\f"Matches a new line, \u000A.\r(\w+)"\rHello" in "\r\HelloWorld."\eMatches an escape, \u001B.\e"\x001B" in "\x001B"nnUses octal representation to specify a character (nnn consists of up to three digits).\w\040\w"a ... Read More
Use the ReadLine() method to read input from the console in C#. This method receives the input as string, therefore you need to convert it.For example −Let us see how to get user input from user and convert it to integer.Firstly, read user input −string val; Console.Write("Enter integer: "); val = Console.ReadLine();Now convert it to integer −int a = Convert.ToInt32(val); Console.WriteLine("Your input: {0}", a);Let us see this in an example. The input is added using command line argument−Example Live Demousing System; using System.Collections.Generic; class Demo { static void Main() { string val; Console.Write("Enter ... Read More
An integer literal can be a decimal, or hexadecimal constant. A prefix specifies the base or radix: 0x or 0X for hexadecimal, and there is no prefix id for decimal. It can also have a suffix that is a combination of U and L, for unsigned and long, respectively.Here are some of the examples of integer literals −200 // int 90u// unsigned intLet’s use the above literal while declaring and initializing a variable −// int int a =200;We will now print the values −Example Live Demousing System; namespace Demo { class Program { static ... Read More
C# has the following file operations −Create, open, read and write a file.Append, Delete, etc.The FileStream class in the System.IO namespace helps in reading from, writing to and closing files. This class derives from the abstract class Stream.You need to create a FileStream object to create a new file or open an existing file. The syntax for creating a FileStream object is as follows −FileStream = new FileStream( , , , );Here, the file operations are also included as shown below −The FileMode enumerator defines various methods for opening files. The members of the FileMode enumerator are −Append − It ... Read More
Volatile and Non-Volatile storage are the two forms of storage in any computer system.Volatile StorageThis is a type of computer memory that remains while there is power and the data is lost when power is switched off. A prime example of volatile memory is RAM. It is a type of primary storage. It allows the user to randomly access any part of the data regardless of its position in roughly the same time. This is not possible using other storage devices such as hard disks, CD’s etc. because they have physical constraints such rotation speeds, arm movements etc.There are mainly ... Read More
Firstly, let us create a dictionary −var d = new Dictionary(5);Now add the key and value −// add key and value d.Add("car", 25); d.Add("bus", 28); d.Add("motorbike", 17);Use orderby to order by values −var val = from ele in d orderby ele.Value ascending select ele;We have set ascending above to sort the dictionary in ascending order. You can also use descending.Display the values in ascending order −foreach (KeyValuePair ele in val) { Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}", ele.Key, ele.Value); }
Generic collections in C# include , , etc.ListList is a generic collection and the ArrayList is a non-generic collection.Let us see an example. Here, we have six elements in the list −Example Live Demousing System; using System.Collections.Generic; class Program { static void Main() { // Initializing collections List myList = new List() { "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six" }; Console.WriteLine(myList.Count); ... Read More
Using generic delegates, you do not need to define the delegate statement. They are defined in the System namespace.You can define a generic delegate with type parameters. For example −delegate T myDelegete(T n);ExampleThe following is an example showing how to create generic delegates in C# −using System; using System.Collections.Generic; delegate T myDelegete(T n); namespace GenericDelegateAppl { class TestDelegate { static int num = 5; public static int AddNum(int p) { num += p; return num; } ... Read More
The key-based I/O Collections in C# is what we call a SortedList −SortedListThe SortedList class represents a collection of key-and-value pairs that are sorted by the keys and are accessible by key and by index. This is how both of them gets added in a SortedList −s.Add("Sub1", "Physics"); s.Add("Sub2", "Chemistry"); s.Add("Sub3", "Biology"); s.Add("Sub4", "Java");The following is an example displaying the keys and values in a SortedList −Example Live Demousing System; using System.Collections; namespace Demo { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { SortedList s = new SortedList(); ... Read More
An identifier is a name used to identify a class, variable, function, or any other user-defined item. The basic rules for naming classes in C# are as follows −A name must begin with a letter that could be followed by a sequence of letters, digits (0 - 9) or underscore. The first character in an identifier cannot be a digit.It must not contain any embedded space or symbol such as? - + ! @ # % ^ & * ( ) [ ] { } . ; : " ' / and \. However, an underscore ( _ ) can ... Read More