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Advanced Mobile Phone System
The Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) was a standard for analog cellular phone systems developed by Bell Labs and officially introduced by AT&T in 1983. It was the first widespread cellular technology in North America and became the foundation for modern mobile communications.
Key Features of AMPS
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Analog technology − Based on the initial electromagnetic spectrum allocation for cellular service by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
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Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) − Allows multiple simultaneous conversations by assigning different frequency channels to each user.
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Frequency allocation − Operates within the 800 and 900 MHz bands, with half the spectrum for transmitting signals and half for receiving.
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Hexagonal cell structure − AMPS was the first system to use hexagonal cells, coining the term "cellular." Cell coverage ranges from 10km to 20km across.
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High bandwidth requirement − Particularly challenging when supporting a large number of simultaneous conversations.
Advantages and Disadvantages
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| First successful cellular system | Susceptible to noise and interference |
| Wide coverage areas per cell | Vulnerable to eavesdropping |
| Established cellular infrastructure | Limited capacity compared to digital systems |
| Simple analog technology | High bandwidth requirements |
Major AMPS Network Operators
Several major telecommunications companies deployed AMPS networks across North America:
- Verizon Wireless
- AT&T Mobility
- Bell Mobility
- Telus Mobility
- Alltel
- Coastal Offshore Cellular
Conclusion
AMPS was the pioneering analog cellular technology that established the foundation for mobile communications. While it suffered from limitations like noise and security issues, it successfully introduced the hexagonal cell concept and enabled the first generation of widespread mobile phone adoption.
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