Explain the array of structures in C language

An array of structure in C programming is a collection of different datatype variables, grouped together under a single name.

General form of structure declaration

The structural declaration is as follows −

struct tagname{
   datatype member1;
   datatype member2;
   datatype member n;
};

Here, struct is the keyword

    tagname specifies name of structure

    member1, member2 specifies the data items that make up structure.

Example

The following example shows the usage of array of structures in C programming −

struct book{
   int pages;
   char author [30];
   float price;
};

Array of structures

• The most common use of structure in C programming is an array of structures.

• To declare an array of structure, first the structure must be defined and then an array variable of that type should be defined.

• For Example − struct book b[10]; //10 elements in an array of structures of type ‘book’

Example

The following program shows the usage of array of structures.

 Live Demo

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct student{
   int id;
   char name[30];
   float percentage;
};
int main(){
   int i;
   struct student record[2];
   // 1st student's record
   record[0].id=1;
   strcpy(record[0].name, "Bhanu");
   record[0].percentage = 86.5;
   // 2nd student's record
   record[1].id=2;
   strcpy(record[1].name, "Priya");
   record[1].percentage = 90.5;
   // 3rd student's record
   record[2].id=3;
   strcpy(record[2].name, "Hari");
   record[2].percentage = 81.5;
   for(i=0; i<3; i++){
      printf(" Records of STUDENT : %d 
", i+1);
      printf(" Id is: %d 
", record[i].id);
      printf(" Name is: %s 
", record[i].name);
      printf(" Percentage is: %f

",record[i].percentage);
   }
   return 0;
}

Output

When the above program is executed, it produces the following result −

Records of STUDENT : 1
Id is: 1
Name is: Bhanu
Percentage is: 86.500000
Records of STUDENT : 2
Id is: 2
Name is: Priya
Percentage is: 90.500000
Records of STUDENT : 3
Id is: 3
Name is: Hari
Percentage is: 81.500000