General acteriology aconcise course

llustrated abbreviated book

• introduction micro/bio/logy Micro small
• Logos science
• Bios life
• Science dealing with minute microorganisms unseen with naked eyes
• Microbiology is extensive science
• Necessity study to study different microorganisms
• Microbiology is subdivided into
• Bacteriology
• Virology
• Mycology
• Protozoology
• With another division
• Clinical microbiology environmental microbiology
• industrial microbiology food microbiology

History 

No Doubt that microorganisms existed on the earth water ground air millions of years before man

• the life of ruminant cannot begin or continue without the role of microorganisms microflora (bacteria) or micro fauna (protozoa)
• In fact the relationship between man and microorganism start as early as beginning of his existence on earth

he observed the putrefaction of carcass of animals birds himself
In fact the relationships between man and microorganism start as early as beginning of his existence on earth
he observed the putrefaction of carcass of animals birds himself
Putrefaction the process of decay or rotting in a body or other organic matter
Ancient Egyptian could stop putrefaction of carcasses of their kings and preserve their holly mummies for several thousands of years by famous Egyptian art and science of embalming
Although ancient man did not know microbes •He notice sugar fermentation

•  Made alcoholic beverage regarding the discovery of microscope the real microbial word was discovered hook 
• Discover compound microscopes •He was able to see individual cells
  Of living creatures

Leuwenhoek 1773

• With his single lens microscope with magnification power 300x he
• He describe and raw microorganisms for the first time
• He published his discovery in journal of royal society of London 1683

Bacterial cell morphology These shapes appear under microscope after isolation and staining
Bacterial structure
capsule
•Flagella
•Fimbriae
Cell wall
Semirigid structure responsible for characteristic shape of bacteria
Chemically macromolecular network called peptidoglycan
It is thick in game positive thin gram negative
Cell wall Give bacteria characteristic shape
Protect cytoplasm
Determine game staining nature
Gram positive
Gram negative
Penicillin kills bacteria by inhibiting cell wall formation
Mycoplasma are bacterial resistance
Gram positive Gram negative
Gram +ve microbes Crystal violet complex with iodine
Trapped in peptidoglycan cannot be removed by decolorization stain
in Grame negative Violet stain initially retained by lipoprotein layer
Decolorization dissolve lipoprotein
Cell membrane living highly active thin double layered internal to cell wall
chemically composed of 60% protein 40% phospholipid
Bacterial antigen
the bacterial cell is fully antigenic its not a simple antigen it is made of a complex of antigenic substances these antigen recognized on morphological background Flagellar antigen or H antigen thermolabile destroyed by phenol’ alcohol not inhibited by formalin
Somatic antigen or O antigen thermostable destroyed by formalin
Surface antigen or virulence antigen vi or k antigen thermolabile destroyed by phenol partially inactivated by formalin not by alcohol
function of cell membranes ing result in staining of decolorized bacteria with red stain
Nutrion Types of bacteria according to source of energy
Types of bacteria according to source of carbon
Bacterial product Toxin Exotoxin Endotoxin
pigment Enzymes exoenzymes endoenzymes
Bacterial pathogenicity and virulence
pathogenicity Ability to produce disease
Requirement for Growth physical chemical requirements
identifying unknown bacterium
culture isolation staining